{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:48:13Z","timestamp":1790174893596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425254400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Twin Res Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic>Despite an increasing recognition that psychiatric disorders can be diagnosed as early as preschool, little is known how early genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders during this very early period of development.<jats:italic>Method:<\/jats:italic>We assessed infant temperament at age 1, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) at ages 3 through 5 years in a sample of Hispanic twins. Genetic, shared, and non-shared environmental effects were estimated for each temperamental construct and psychiatric disorder using the statistical program MX. Multivariate genetic models were fitted to determine whether the same or different sets of genes and environments account for the co-occurrence between early temperament and preschool psychiatric disorders.<jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>Additive genetic factors accounted for 61% of the variance in ADHD, 21% in ODD, and 28% in SAD. Shared environmental factors accounted for 34% of the variance in ODD and 15% of SAD. The genetic influence on difficult temperament was significantly associated with preschool ADHD, SAD, and ODD. The association between ODD and SAD was due to both genetic and family environmental factors. The temperamental trait of resistance to control was entirely accounted for by the shared family environment.<jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>There are different genetic and family environmental pathways between infant temperament and psychiatric diagnoses in this sample of Puerto Rican preschool age children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2014.88","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T06:51:38Z","timestamp":1425279098000},"page":"171-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Shared Genetic and Environmental Influences on Early Temperament and Preschool Psychiatric Disorders in Hispanic Twins"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Judy L.","family":"Silberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlee A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindon J.","family":"Eaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Aggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glorisa","family":"Canino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002023"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8018-2"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.8.4.328"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200004000-00015"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200112000-00002"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref031","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development","author":"Rothbart","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.3.349"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01614.x"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref021","volume-title":"The young child DISC","author":"Lucas","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000429"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-009-0171-8"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.6.1030"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830110071009"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-004-5585-2"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-009-9316-6"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref039","volume-title":"Handbook on infant mental health","author":"Zeanah","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195130126.003.0020","volume-title":"Infancy to early childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on developmental change","author":"Cherny","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1128946"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref026","volume-title":"Mx statistical modeling","author":"Neale","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067926"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-010-0077-9"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410902851382"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref016","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Behavior genetics principles: Perspectives in development, personality, and psychopathology","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.8.1.1","article-title":"Parent-child feedback predicts sibling contrast: Using twin studies to test theories of parent-offspring interaction in infant behavior","volume":"8","author":"Silberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31803062d3"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.10.4.604"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200506000-00010"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1978.10"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025399115023"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.1.85"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.11.004"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref037","volume-title":"Temperament and Development","author":"Thomas","year":"1977"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00179"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref002","volume-title":"Handbook of developmental psychopathology","author":"Bates","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9681-0"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067538"},{"key":"S1832427414000887_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2003.00141.x"}],"container-title":["Twin Research and Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1832427414000887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T14:31:43Z","timestamp":1717770703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1832427414000887\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1832427414000887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/thg.2014.88","relation":{},"ISSN":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1832-4274","type":"print"},{"value":"1839-2628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]}}}