{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:29:37Z","timestamp":1780730977567,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441152000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Twin Res Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, several studies have investigated the intergenerational effect of preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. However, most studies excluded both twin mothers and twin offspring from the analyses. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the intergenerational effect of preterm birth and SGA births among twins and singletons. A prospective population-based register study of mother\u2013firstborn offspring pairs recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register was performed. The study included 4,073 twins and 264,794 singletons born from 1973\u20131983 and their firstborns born from 1986\u20132009. Preterm birth was defined as birth at &lt;37 weeks of gestation, and SGA as birth weight &lt;2 standard deviations of the Swedish standard. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the intergenerational effect of each birth characteristic. Adjustments were made for maternal grandmothers\u2019 and mothers\u2019 socio-demographic factors, in addition to maternal birth characteristics. Among mothers born as singletons, being born preterm was associated with an increased risk of delivering a preterm child (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.29\u20131.50), while being born SGA increased the likelihood of having an SGA child (adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI = 2.80\u20133.30) as well as a preterm child (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20\u20131.40). In twin mothers, the corresponding ORs tended to be lower, and the only statistically significant association was between an SGA mother and an SGA child (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI = 1.40\u20133.31). A statistically significant interaction between twinning and mother's size for gestational age was identified in a multivariate linear regression analysis, indicating that singleton mothers born SGA were associated with a lower birth weight compared with mothers not born SGA. Preterm birth and SGA appear to be transferred from one generation to the next, although not always reaching statistical significance. These effects seem to be less evident in mothers born as twins compared with those born as singletons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T11:00:53Z","timestamp":1441191653000},"page":"581-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intergenerational Cohort Study of Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth in Twins and Singletons"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Bladh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Josefsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Carstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orvar","family":"Finnstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Sydsj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00872.x"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060660"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00215-9"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31824b1a03"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref036","first-page":"65","article-title":"On fetal growth rate","volume":"46","author":"Ounsted","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clinics in Developmental Medicine"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318159074b"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10266.x"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref048","volume-title":"Description of the population in Sweden 2008","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.8.5.515"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref004","volume-title":"Mothers, babies and health in later life","author":"Barker","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2521","article-title":"Offspring birth weight in second-generation \u2018small for gestational age\u2019 infants","volume":"30","author":"Farina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prenatal Diagnosis"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"S1832427415000602_ref032","unstructured":"National Board of Health and Welfare, Centre for Epidemiology. 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