{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:27:57Z","timestamp":1792074477922,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Twin Res Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive internet use has been linked to psychopathology. Therefore, understanding the genetic and environmental risks underpinning internet use and their relation to psychopathology is important. This study aims to explore the genetic and environmental etiology of internet use measures and their associations with internalizing disorders and substance use disorders. The sample included 2,059 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) young adult twins from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study (BLTS). Younger participants reported more frequent internet use, while women were more likely to use the internet for interpersonal communication. Familial aggregation in \u2018frequency of internet use\u2019 was entirely explained by additive genetic factors accounting for 41% of the variance. Familial aggregation in \u2018frequency of use after 11 pm\u2019, \u2018using the internet to contact peers\u2019, and \u2018using the internet primarily to access social networking sites\u2019 was attributable to varying combinations of additive genetic and shared environmental factors. In terms of psychopathology, there were no significant associations between internet use measures and major depression (MD), but there were positive significant associations between \u2018frequency of internet use\u2019 and \u2018frequency of use after 11 pm\u2019 with social phobia (SP). \u2018Using the internet to contact peers\u2019 was positively associated with alcohol abuse, whereas \u2018using the internet to contact peers\u2019 and \u2018using the internet primarily to access social networking sites\u2019 were negatively associated with cannabis use disorders and nicotine symptoms. Individual differences in internet use can be attributable to varying degrees of genetic and environmental risks. Despite some significant associations of small effect, variation in internet use appears mostly unrelated to psychopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.91","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T09:23:58Z","timestamp":1450862638000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Internet Use and Associations With Psychopathology: A Twin Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"Verhulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope A.","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian B.","family":"Hickie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas G.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427415000912_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-010-9200-6"},{"key":"S1832427415000912_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9948"},{"key":"S1832427415000912_ref038","unstructured":"Young K. 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