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The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and heritability of ECC among monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in Chennai, India, in the year 2013. A cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ECC among twins. Zygosity classification for the survey framework was adapted from a highly accurate parental report questionnaire pertaining to the physical similarity between twins. The associated heritability index was estimated. The Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) Index was used as the diagnostic criterion for dental caries. The prevalence of ECC was estimated at 18.7%. The correlation coefficient between the twin pair showed significant correlation. The heritability index for ECC was estimated at 15% higher prevalence of ECC found among children in the age group 25\u201336 months. The heritability estimate indicated a relatively low genetic influence for early childhood caries among twins. There was no significant difference detected in the concordance rate for the MZ and DZ twins. Further research could be directed toward the prevalence of ECC among higher age group children to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2016.96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T11:02:14Z","timestamp":1484910134000},"page":"43-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence and Heritability of Early Childhood Caries Among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Kuppan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan S.","family":"Halawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimmi B.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukumaran","family":"Anil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000430958"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12262"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335099"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000008588"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5753-5759.2005"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-336"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067939"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref029","first-page":"12","article-title":"Genetic analysis of dental traits in 82 pairs of female-female twins","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02394.x"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0515283600042244"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.3.3.129"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000262023"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4248\/IJOS09077"},{"key":"S1832427416000967_ref030","first-page":"135","article-title":"Assessment of the oral health status of monozygotic and dizygotic twins - 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