{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:43:10Z","timestamp":1793155390127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Twin Res Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The older Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC) was established in 1974. The baseline survey was in 1975, with two follow-up health surveys in 1981 and 1990. The fourth wave of assessments was done in three parts, with a questionnaire study of twins born during 1945\u20131957 in 2011\u20132012, while older twins were interviewed and screened for dementia in two time periods, between 1999 and 2007 for twins born before 1938 and between 2013 and 2017 for twins born in 1938\u20131944. The content of these wave 4 assessments is described and some initial results are described. In addition, we have invited twin-pairs, based on response to the cohortwide surveys, to participate in detailed in-person studies; these are described briefly together with key results. We also review other projects based on the older FTC and provide information on the biobanking of biosamples and related phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.54","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T02:57:27Z","timestamp":1567047447000},"page":"240-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["The Older Finnish Twin Cohort \u2014 45 Years of Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sailalitha","family":"Bollepalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Buchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Iso-Markku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tellervo","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vuokko","family":"Kovanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urho","family":"Kujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eija K.","family":"Laakkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Latvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuija","family":"Leskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miina","family":"Ollikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarit","family":"Piirtola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taina","family":"Rantanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Rinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karri","family":"Silventoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarianna","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Viljanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Vuoksimaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053938"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly263"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9493-x"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1875-9"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000255"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0275-1","article-title":"Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders","volume":"21","author":"Walters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.08.003","article-title":"Middle age self-report risk score predicts cognitive functioning and dementia in 20\u201340 years","volume":"4","author":"Vuoksimaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers and Dementia (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv279"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264313494412"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln015"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.4.447"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.036"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12309"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9794-y"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00046213"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610202008475"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991401"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09438"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.145466"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2019.1566765","article-title":"Chronic diseases and objectively measured physical activity among aged individuals \u2014 A cross-sectional twin cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Kujala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2014.994675"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.255"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160377"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14533"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.03.008"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701581422"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.462"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12623"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2010.00636.x"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12511"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.12.1.108"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0205-x"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181bdeea3"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0307-5"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.035","article-title":"Smoking status as a predictor of antidepressant medication use","volume":"207","author":"Korhonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0613-5","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity and DNA methylation age \u2014 A twin study","volume":"11","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Epigenetics"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14033"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref67","volume-title":"Inheritance of drinking behavior, Study No. 14","author":"Partanen","year":"1966"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12465"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref8","unstructured":"Buchwald, J. , Chenoweth, M. J. Palviainen, T. , Zhu, G. , Benner, C. , Gordon, S. , \u2026 Tyndale, R. F. (2019). Genome-wide association meta-analysis of nicotine metabolism and cigarette consumption measures in smokers of European descent. Manuscript submitted for publication."},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bollepalli, S. , Korhonen, T. , Kaprio, J. , Ollikainen, M. , & Anders, S. (2019). EpiSmokEr: A robust classifier to determine smoking status from DNA methylation data. bioRxiv, 487975.","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2019-0206"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3715","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses using electronic health records identify new loci influencing blood pressure variation","volume":"49","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0775-6"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000587"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3410-5"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3405"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9898-x"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.170"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803692"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.046"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18259"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.82"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.183"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1375\/136905202320906093","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in complex diseases: The older Finnish Twin Cohort","volume":"5","author":"Kaprio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Twin Research"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.007","article-title":"Objectively measured physical activity profile and cognition in Finnish elderly twins","volume":"4","author":"Iso-Markku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers and Dementia (NY)"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.07.008"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-017-0975-4"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000152964"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12245"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref5","first-page":"111","article-title":"The telephone interview for cognitive status","volume":"1","author":"Brandt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31825a3344"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.11.024"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.12.004"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0313-0"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13152"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27704-7"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91439.2008"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq251"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22162"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0606-9"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.73"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.193"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.105551"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10527"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.007"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23406","article-title":"Menopause and adipose tissue: miR-19a-3p is sensitive to hormonal replacement","volume":"9","author":"Kangas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2014.11.001"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000271381.30143.75"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42702"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.772"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.23"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.142"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref36","first-page":"179","article-title":"The Finnish twin registry: Formation and compilation, questionnaire study, zygosity determination procedures, and research program","volume":"24","author":"Kaprio","year":"1978","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.09.016","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of dementia: Analysis of individual-level data from 1.3 million individuals","volume":"14","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers and Dementia"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3768"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009639"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn228"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12661"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.17703"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2006.02.006"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012609"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9486-7"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319122"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3011"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005498"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.080622"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00678.x"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw007"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13125","article-title":"Anisometropia of ocular refractive and biometric measures among 66- to 79-year-old female twins","volume":"94","author":"P\u00e4rssinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.250092"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91518.2008"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318225118e"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2017.1"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref81","first-page":"1561","article-title":"Genetic and environmental effects on telomere length and lung function: A twin study","volume":"73","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00553.x","article-title":"Genetic effects in common on maximal walking speed and muscle performance in older women","volume":"17","author":"Tiainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports"},{"key":"S1832427419000549_ref85","unstructured":"Tuomela, J. , Kaprio, J. , Sipil\u00e4, P. N. , Silventoinen, K. , Wang, X. , Ollikainen, M. , & Piirtola, M. (in press). Accuracy of self-reported anthropometric measures \u2014 Findings from the Finnish Twin Study. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice."}],"container-title":["Twin Research and Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1832427419000549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T14:34:37Z","timestamp":1721658877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1832427419000549\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1832427419000549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/thg.2019.54","relation":{},"ISSN":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1832-4274","type":"print"},{"value":"1839-2628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}