{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T16:18:37Z","timestamp":1785946717598,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Twin Res Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. PE patients were reported to have higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) than those in healthy controls. However, whether the expressions of these inflammation biomarkers have a causal relationship with PE is unspecified. We applied the Mendelian randomization method to infer the causal relationship between inflammation biomarkers (e.g., CRP, IL-6, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra] and TNF-\u03b1) and PE. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly related to inflammation biomarkers were used as instrumental variables. CRP, IL-1ra and IL-6 levels showed no significant effect on PE progression, while the genetic predicted higher level of TNF-\u03b1 significantly increased the risk of PE (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> per 1-<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> increase in TNF-\u03b1: 4.33; 95% CI [1.99, 9.39]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .00021). The findings suggest that pro-inflammatory activity of TNF-\u03b1 could be a determinant for PE progression. More antenatal care should be given to those pregnant women with higher level of inflammation biomarkers, especially TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2023.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T10:28:08Z","timestamp":1689589688000},"page":"231-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Causal Relationship Between Inflammation and Preeclampsia: Genetic Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qiongxiang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanjiao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2675-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18617"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00287-2"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2020.09.005"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt110"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90665-0"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6835"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref18","first-page":"137","article-title":"Preeclampsia: An update","volume":"65,","author":"Lambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101123"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-017-0128-6"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328"},{"key":"S1832427423000270_ref23","unstructured":"Prins, B. 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