{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:44:27Z","timestamp":1791884667063,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Twin Res Hum Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twin registries are foundational resources for research in behavioral and medical genetics, epidemiology, and public health. Over several decades, successive international reviews have documented their expansion in number, geographical coverage, phenotypic scope, molecular profiling, and participation in large-scale collaborations. This overview first traces this development through previous global overviews of twin registries and then examines record linkage as an increasingly important feature of contemporary twin research. Drawing on diverse twin registries, twin cohorts, multi-cohort resources, and international consortia, we describe how twin data are linked to population and administrative registers, health and educational records, biobanks, and environmental and geospatial data. Microdata linkage connects individual-level twin phenotypes with longitudinal administrative, clinical, educational, and molecular information, extending follow-up and supporting life-course analyses. Macrodata linkage incorporates contextual information on neighborhood environments, socioeconomic conditions, and policy settings, enabling individual and familial differences to be studied within broader social and environmental contexts. Comparison across resources demonstrates substantial variation in the scope and implementation of record linkage, from established national linkage systems to partial, domain-specific, and planned linkages, shaped by differences in legal frameworks, consent models, data governance, and secure access infrastructures. By placing current record linkage practices within the historical development of twin research resources, this overview shows how linkage extends the classical twin design through longitudinal, multi-domain, and contextual data, broadening its potential for research on health, behavior, and development across the life course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2026.10094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:09:07Z","timestamp":1790770147000},"page":"205-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population-Level Data Linkages in Worldwide Twin Research Resources"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Veronika V.","family":"Odintsova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008xxew50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6718-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7099-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorret I.","family":"Boomsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008xxew50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg932"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16020177"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2018.23"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25302\/04.2023.ME.2018C111287"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5324\/nje.v26i1-2.2014"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.06.006"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.121"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref4","first-page":"v","article-title":"Twin registers across the globe: what\u2019s out there in 2002?","volume":"5","author":"Busjahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Twin Research"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01609-6"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.35"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.1.1.34"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvasa.2014.07.005"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2012.147"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3243"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.37"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-025-04153-y"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.830405"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ25-0188"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12121"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref8","volume-title":"Twin and family studies of epigenetics","author":"Hur","year":"2022"},{"key":"S1832427426100942_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.705"}],"container-title":["Twin Research and Human Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1832427426100942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:44:30Z","timestamp":1791881070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1832427426100942\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1832427426100942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/thg.2026.10094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1832-4274","1839-2628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1832-4274","type":"print"},{"value":"1839-2628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Society for Twin Studies","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}