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We conducted meta-analyses assessing effectiveness of management techniques and herbicide mechanism of action groups for controlling<jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic>using 55 studies conducted in annual cropping systems and 45 studies in perennial systems. Herbicide was the most studied technique in both types of systems and was effective at reducing<jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic>. However, integrated multitactic techniques, with or without herbicides, were more effective than sole reliance on herbicides for long-term control in both annual cropping and perennial systems. A variety of management techniques such as biocontrol, crop diversification, mowing, and soil disturbance provided control similar to that of herbicide. Our results suggest that many management techniques aimed at reducing<jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic>can also improve crop yield or abundance of desired plants. This study highlights the need to devote more research to nonchemical and integrated management approaches for<jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic>control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/wsc.2018.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T08:38:22Z","timestamp":1520239102000},"page":"548-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Meta-analysis of Canada Thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense<\/i>) Management"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Stacy","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Mangold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Menalled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Orloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zach","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Lehnhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:TMAORR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1614\/WS-D-15-00186.1"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2010.01678.x"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195131871.003.0018","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments","author":"Gurevitch","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.11.024"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4040707"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref38","first-page":"513","volume-title":"Herbicide Handbook","author":"Shaner","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0043174518000061_ref43","unstructured":"[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture (2017) National Agricultural Statistics Service, State Agricultural Overview. https:\/\/www.nass.usda.gov\/Statistics_by_State\/Ag_Overview. 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