{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:47:12Z","timestamp":1786999632268,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":344,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFMA-1935278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFMA-1935278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TI-2120154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TI-2120154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wearable Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work studies upper-limb impairment resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury and presents a simple technological solution for a subset of patients: a soft, active stretching aid for at-home use. To better understand the issues associated with existing associated rehabilitation devices, customer discovery conversations were conducted with 153 people in the healthcare ecosystem (60 patients, 30 caregivers, and 63 medical providers). These patients fell into two populations: spastic (stiff, clenched hands) and flaccid (limp hands). Focusing on the first category, a set of design constraints was developed based on the information collected from the customer discovery. With these constraints in mind, a powered wrist-hand stretching orthosis (exoskeleton) was designed and prototyped as a preclinical study (T0 basic science research) to aid in recovery. The orthosis was tested on two patients for proof-of-concept, one survivor of stroke and one of traumatic brain injury. The prototype was able to consistently open both patients\u2019 hands. A mathematical model was developed to characterize joint stiffness based on experimental testing. Donning and doffing times for the prototype averaged 76 and 12.5\u00a0s, respectively, for each subject unassisted. This compared favorably to times shown in the literature. This device benefits from simple construction and low-cost materials and is envisioned to become a therapy device accessible to patients in the home. This work lays the foundation for phase 1 clinical trials and further device development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2024.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T23:25:46Z","timestamp":1733786746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design, modeling, and preliminary evaluation of a simple wrist-hand stretching orthosis for neurologically impaired patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissa D.","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithin S.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2631717624000227_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2010.2090353"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r16","first-page":"730","article-title":"A novel soft glove utilizing honeycomb pneumatic actuators (hpas) for assisting activities of daily living","volume":"5","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r5","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke","volume":"80","author":"Burke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4002338"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00659-5"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.03.024"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.170327839.98374610\/v1"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13010553"},{"key":"S2631717624000227_r24","unstructured":"Saebo. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e19"}}