{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:12:18Z","timestamp":1778170338708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007231","name":"Cornell University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dissertation Research Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dissertation Research Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wearable Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Real-time measurement of head rotation, a primary human body movement, offers potential advantages in rehabilitating head or neck motor disorders, promoting seamless human\u2013robot interaction, and tracking the lateral glance of children with autism spectrum disorder for effective intervention. However, existing options such as cameras capturing the entire face or skin-attached sensors have limitations concerning privacy, safety, and\/or usability. This research introduces a novel method that employs a battery-free RFID tag-based wearable sensor for monitoring head orientation, as a substitute for the existing options like camera. By attaching a pair of passive RFID tags to the front of the head at a specific distance from each other, the signal strength of each tag within the pair differs based on the discrepancy in distance from the RFID reader caused by head rotation. Important parameters including distance between the tags, distance from the reader, and tag types, are investigated to suggest optimal sensor design. In tests involving random head rotations by 10 healthy adults, there was a significant correlation between the orientation of the head and gaze in the yaw direction and the differences in signal strength from the sensor pairs. The correlation coefficients (<jats:inline-formula>\n\t      <jats:alternatives>\n\t\t<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S2631717624000264_inline1.png\"\/>\n\t\t<jats:tex-math>$ {r}^2 $<\/jats:tex-math>\n\t      <\/jats:alternatives>\n\t    <\/jats:inline-formula>) were satisfactory, at 0.88 for head and 0.83 for left eye pupil orientations. However, the sensor failed to estimate pitch rotations for head and gaze, due to the insufficient vertical spacing between the tags. No demographic factors appeared to influence the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2024.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T09:20:26Z","timestamp":1739784026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Battery-free head orientation measurement using passive RFID tags"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0362-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeyeon","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heeju T.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2631717624000264_r3","first-page":"100","article-title":"The coordination of eye-head movements [publisher: Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc.]","volume":"231","author":"Bizzi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTAS.2004.1273467"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2018.2859167"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2018.8439216"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062237"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460421.3478810"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153292"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r16","first-page":"39","article-title":"Head pose classification by using body-conducted sound [[Online; accessed 2023-04-29]]","author":"Kamoshida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r13","first-page":"1","article-title":"A classroom concentration model based on computer vision [[Online; accessed 2023-04-29]]","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Turing Celebration Conference \u2013 China"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5328-z"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2014.6906608"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2018.8439216"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO54536.2021.9616111"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r42","unstructured":"Tobii (2023) Tobii: Global Leader in Eye Tracking for Over 20 Years [[Online; accessed 2023-05-03]]. https:\/\/www.tobii.com\/"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2008.2006216"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2659766.2659773"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858249"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advantages of eye-gaze over head-gaze-based selection in virtual and augmented reality under varying field of views [[Online; accessed 2023-05-04]]","author":"Blattgerste","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Communication by Gaze Interaction"},{"key":"S2631717624000264_r9","unstructured":"Developers, G (n.d.) 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