{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:12:28Z","timestamp":1793110348728,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":245,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wearable Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Industrial upper limb exoskeletons offload the upper limb during overhead tasks to help prevent musculoskeletal disorders to the shoulder. Although numerous studies showed reduced shoulder muscle activity during upper limb exoskeleton use for overhead postures, it remains unknown whether and how upper limb exoskeletons provide support over a large shoulder workspace beyond overhead work. Therefore, this study evaluated the\n                    <jats:italic>Ottobock Paexo Shoulder<\/jats:italic>\n                    over a large shoulder workspace from overhead to hip height with shoulder abduction and adduction. Upper body kinematics, muscle activity, and subjective user feedback were obtained by three-dimensional motion capture, surface EMG, and questionnaires, respectively, and captured while participants performed static and dynamic work tasks with an electric screwdriver. Participants completed these tasks (1) without the exoskeleton, (2) with a disengaged exoskeleton, (3) with moderate exoskeleton support, and (4) with high exoskeleton support. Exoskeleton support reduced deltoid muscle activity (\u22129 to \u221224\u00a0s%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001) in postures with an abducted shoulder, including nonoverhead postures. Exoskeleton support modestly decreased shoulder flexion (\u22123 to \u22125\u00b0,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001) and increased shoulder abduction (2 to 5\u00b0,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a0.032), but the movement patterns during the dynamic task were unaffected. Additionally, exoskeleton-related effects increased with increasing support, but the subjective perception of change also increased, and perceived comfort decreased. Our results indicate that the tested exoskeleton provides support beyond overhead work and that there is a trade-off between exoskeleton support and subjective perception. Accordingly, further optimization of user\u2013exoskeleton interaction is warranted for long-term prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in overhead workers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2025.10025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T07:29:29Z","timestamp":1756884569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A passive upper limb exoskeleton effectively reduces shoulder muscle activity over a large shoulder workspace"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8001-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Lauret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tsk2644","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ruhr University Bochum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent James","family":"Raiteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tsk2644","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ruhr University Bochum"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rqy9422","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Tecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tsk2644","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ruhr University Bochum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tsk2644","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ruhr University Bochum"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rqy9422","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S263171762510025X_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1964.10490181"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2019.1709695"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics9010016"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2018.2812905"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WEARRACON.2019.8719402"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00178-6"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r23","volume-title":"16ES100=2 Paexo Shoulder: Original instructions. 37115","year":"2019"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r5","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of arm support exoskeletons in realistic work activities: a review study","volume":"9","author":"De Vries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Ergonomic"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r11","first-page":"13","article-title":"European recommendations for surface electromyography","volume":"8","author":"Hermens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Roessingh Research and Development"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2019.1669736"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2945368"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r30","unstructured":"Vicon Motion Systems (2023) Plug-in Gait reference guide. Vicon Motion Systems Ltd. Available at https:\/\/help.vicon.com\/download\/attachments\/11378719\/Plug-in%20Gait%20Reference%20Guide.pdf (accessed 26 February 2025)."},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51758-8_13"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r17","first-page":"65","article-title":"The comfort assessment of wearable computers","volume":"2","author":"Knight","year":"2002","journal-title":"ISWC"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.104158"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23282"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234792"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3041906"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r21","first-page":"661","article-title":"Percent differences: Another look","volume":"10","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PMandR"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r8","volume-title":"Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit \u2013 Berichtsjahr 2018 \u2013 Unfallverh\u00fctungsbericht Arbeit [Safety and Health at Work \u2013 Reporting Year 2018 \u2013 Report on Accident Prevention at Work]","year":"2019"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2018.1563010"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.025"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2021.10"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r29","first-page":"804","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"62","author":"Van Engelhoven","year":"2018"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r12","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.02.009"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04482-4"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2018.1551255"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60825-9_26"},{"key":"S263171762510025X_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2020-2001"}],"container-title":["Wearable Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S263171762510025X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T07:29:31Z","timestamp":1756884571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S263171762510025X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S263171762510025X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/wtc.2025.10025","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.02.26.640421","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2631-7176"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-7176","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e45"}}