{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T21:53:08Z","timestamp":1761947588537},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7871,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the 1984 cholera epidemic in Mali, 1793 cases and 406 deaths were reported, a death-to-case ratio of 23%. In four affected villages, the mean clinical attack rate was 17\u00b75 and 29% of affected persons died. In 66% of cases the illness began more than 48 h after the village outbreak began, when supplies from outside the village were potentially available. Deaths occurred because patients failed to seek care or received only limited rehydration therapy when they did. Case-control studies identified two routes of transmission: drinking water from one well in a village outside the drought area, and eating left-over millet gruel in a droughtaffected village. Drought-related scarcity of curdled milk may permit millet gruel to be a vehicle for cholera. Cholera mortality in the Sahel could be greatly reduced by rapid intervention in affected villages, wide distribution of effective rehydration materials, and educating the population to seek treatment quickly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800067418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]],"date-time":"2009-10-19T12:44:01Z","timestamp":1255956241000},"page":"279-289","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Epidemic cholera in Mali: high mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Tauxe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Dodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joy V.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref030","first-page":"149","article-title":"Cholera in 1984; global situation","volume":"60","year":"1985","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref027","first-page":"753","article-title":"Determination of the mode of transmission of cholera in Lebowa","volume":"62","author":"Sinclair","year":"1982","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref026","first-page":"31","article-title":"Gastric acidity in cholera and noncholera diarrhoea","volume":"47","author":"Sack","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5055.1193"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref024","volume-title":"Standard methods for dilution antimicrobial tests for bacteria which grow acrobically","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref023","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Proceedings of a meeting of ministers of health and of the interior from countries of sub-region 1","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90250-2"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref021","first-page":"787","article-title":"Tetracycline prophylaxis in families of cholera patients","volume":"38","author":"McCormack","year":"1908","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref020","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cholera control in an inaccessible district in Tanzania: importance of temporary rural centers","volume":"15","author":"Mandara","year":"1980","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Zambia"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref018","volume-title":"Food Composition Table for Use in Africa","author":"Leung","year":"1908"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref028","first-page":"80","volume-title":"In Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty","author":"Swift","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90370-2"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-1-101"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref010","first-page":"381","volume-title":"In Cholera","author":"Gangarosa","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.1986.tb00592.x"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref008","first-page":"845","article-title":"Du r\u00f4le de la sueur dans l'\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie du chol\u00e8ra en pays see","volume":"156","author":"Dodin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Acad\u00e9mie Nationale de M\u00e9decine"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90349-4"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref005","volume-title":"Manual on Feeding Infants and Young Children","author":"Cameron","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref002","first-page":"403","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method","volume":"45","author":"Bauer","year":"1966","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1977.10479909"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198309013090903"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.11.4.385-388.1980","article-title":"Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage","volume":"11","author":"Barrett","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1972.21.307"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref014","first-page":"290","article-title":"Cholera in Mali and popular reactions to its first appearance","volume":"77","author":"Imperato","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref004","first-page":"312","article-title":"The El Tor cholera epidemic in Toto (West Africa) 1970\u20131972","volume":"26","author":"Bockemuehl","year":"1975","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasilology"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref003","first-page":"132","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the Cholera Research Symposium; Honolulu, Hawaii","author":"Benenson","year":"1965"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90653-6"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-7856(74)90134-6"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref007","first-page":"155","volume-title":"In Famine: Its Causes, Effects, and Management","author":"Den Hartog","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0950268800067418_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400070777"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268800067418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,23]],"date-time":"2020-05-23T03:45:20Z","timestamp":1590205520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268800067418\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268800067418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268800067418","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 1988","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}