{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T10:52:30Z","timestamp":1753354350787,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]],"date-time":"2012-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vis Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our current understanding of the spectral sensitivities of the mysticete whale rod-based visual pigments is based on two species, the gray whale (<jats:italic>Eschrichtius robustus<\/jats:italic>) and the humpback whale (<jats:italic>Megaptera novaeangliae<\/jats:italic>) possessing absorbance maxima determined from difference spectra to be 492 and 497 nm, respectively. These absorbance maxima values are blueshifted relative to those from typical terrestrial mammals (\u2248500 nm) but are redshifted when compared to those identified in the odontocetes (479\u2013484 nm). Although these mysticete species represent two of the four mysticete families, they do not fully represent the mysticete whales in terms of foraging strategy and underwater photic environments where foraging occurs. In order to better understand the spectral sensitivities of the mysticete whale rod visual pigments, we have examined the rod opsin genes from 11 mysticete species and their associated amino acid substitutions. Based on the amino acids occurring at positions 83, 292, and 299 along with the directly determined dark spectra from expressed odontocete and mysticete rod visual pigments, we have determined that the majority of mysticete whales possess deep-sea and pelagic like rod visual pigments with absorbance maxima between 479 and 484 nm. Finally, we have defined the five amino acid substitution events that determine the resulting absorbance spectra and associated absorbance maxima for the mysticete whale rod visual pigments examined here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523812000107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T11:04:31Z","timestamp":1331723071000},"page":"95-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Deep-sea and pelagic rod visual pigments identified in the mysticete whales"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"NICOLE","family":"BISCHOFF","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"BENJAMIN","family":"NICKLE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"THOMAS W.","family":"CRONIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"STEPHANI","family":"VELASQUEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"JEFFRY I.","family":"FASICK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.9.081307.164228"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi020611z"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01202"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00426.x"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02505"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps187309"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5480.739"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4343(94)00061-Q"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00456a013"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227955a0"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9811-2"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1957.tb00311.x"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(75)90073-5"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi972500j"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.7.2169"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380017511X"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2573154"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10236248309378588"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.146.1.1","article-title":"Visual pigments and the acquisition of visual information","volume":"146","author":"Lythgoe","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(71)90113-1"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02135"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps264123"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.048157"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021295"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.023366"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00272a020"},{"key":"S0952523812000107_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50115-6","article-title":"Introduction of hydroxyl-bearing amino acids causes bathochromic spectral shifts in rhodopsin. 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