{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:13:30Z","timestamp":1769793210935,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Glaciol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monitoring snow distribution in alpine terrain is critical for hydrology, avalanche safety, and climate research, yet traditional surveys are costly, hazardous, and spatially sparse. We assess a gondola-mounted, low-cost Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) system (MOLISENS) for repeated snow monitoring in Real-Time Kinematics (RTK)-denied mountain environments. The system fuses lidar, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and standalone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) using a Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) algorithm to generate 3D point clouds along a fixed aerial-lift transect at Hoher Sonnblick, Austria. Six winter runs (March 2023) were processed and compared with summer Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)-photogrammetry. Intra-system repeatability between same-day scans reached centimetre precision (weighted standard deviation 0.010 m; 95% within\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:alternatives>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S0022143025101056_inline1.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$\\pm$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:alternatives>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    0.006 m), supporting detection of daily to seasonal changes in snow thickness along the route. Absolute agreement with the UAS reference was limited to decimetre scale, primarily due to registration and standalone GNSS uncertainties rather than sensor range noise. Performance degraded over feature-poor snowfields, and manual segment merging was labor-intensive; consequently, quantitative analyses were restricted to well-constrained segments. Despite these limitations, the results demonstrate the feasibility of gondola-mounted lidar for cost-effective, repeatable snow-thickness mapping.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jog.2025.10105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:26:06Z","timestamp":1769743566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lidar-based snow monitoring from aerial lifts: Gondola deployment in the Austrian Alps"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Berin","family":"Dikic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH"},{"name":"Institute of Technical Informatics, Graz University of Technology"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Goelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH"},{"name":"Institute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gaisberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Schlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH"},{"name":"Institute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Muckenhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH"},{"name":"Institute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz"},{"name":"Institute of Industrial Management, FH JOANNEUM"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Keuschnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEORESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Schratter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-459-2017"},{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2017.15211"},{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(92)90066-C"},{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.009"},{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16010078"},{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/as-2020-0058"},{"key":"S0022143025101056_ref15","unstructured":"Goelles, T , Dikic, B , Gaisberger, C , Schlager, B , Muckenhuber, S and Wallner, S (2024) Cable car-mounted lidar system for continuous snow depth assessment. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e12"}}