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We studied the effect of maternal fatty acid desaturase (<jats:italic>FADS<\/jats:italic>) genotype and breast milk LCPUFA levels on infants\u2019 blood T-cell profiles and <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>-produced cytokines after anti-CD3\/CD28 stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 6-month-old infants from the Copenhagen Prospective Study of Asthma in Childhood birth cohort. LCPUFA concentrations of breast milk were assessed at 4 weeks of age, and <jats:italic>FADS<\/jats:italic> SNP were determined in both mothers and infants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 109). In general, breast milk arachidonic acid (AA) levels were inversely correlated with the production of IL-10 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b725; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7004), IL-17 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b724; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7005), IL-5 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b721; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7014) and IL-13 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b717; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7047), whereas EPA was positively correlated with the counts of blood regulatory T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells and decreased T-helper cell counts. The minor <jats:italic>FADS<\/jats:italic> alleles were associated with lower breast milk AA and EPA, and infants of mothers carrying the minor allele of <jats:italic>FADS<\/jats:italic> SNP rs174556 had higher production of IL-10 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b723; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7018), IL-17 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b725; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7009) and IL-5 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b721; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7038) from <jats:italic>ex vivo-<\/jats:italic>activated immune cells. We observed no association between T-cell distribution and maternal or infant <jats:italic>FADS<\/jats:italic> gene variants. We conclude that increased maternal LCPUFA synthesis and breast milk AA are associated with decreased levels of IL-5, IL-13 (type-2 related), IL-17 (type-17 related) and IL-10 (regulatory immune responses), but not with interferon-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, which could be due to an effect of the maternal <jats:italic>FADS<\/jats:italic> variants on the offspring immune response transferred via breast milk LCPUFA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114515002561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T05:46:33Z","timestamp":1439876793000},"page":"891-898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Maternal fatty acid desaturase genotype correlates with infant immune responses at 6 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