{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:02:50Z","timestamp":1771556570595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food consumption at 4 and 7 years of age with appetitive traits at 7 years and BMI at 10 years of age. Participants were 1175 children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, who provided food diaries and complete data on socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measures and the Portuguese Children\u2019s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (P-CEBQ). Foods were grouped according to NOVA classification into: \u2018unprocessed, minimally or moderately processed, and culinary preparations\u2019; \u2018processed\u2019 and \u2018ultra-processed\u2019. To assess tracking of groups\u2019 consumption, Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Generalised linear models were fitted to test main associations, mediators and interactions among the variables. Ultra-processed consumption exhibited a fair level of stability between ages 4 and 7 years (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>0\u00b734; ICC = 0\u00b732; 95 % CI 0\u00b725, 0\u00b739), corresponding, respectively, to 27\u00b73 % (1881\u00b79 (<jats:sc>SD<\/jats:sc>908\u00b78) kJ\/d) and 29\u00b73 % (2204\u00b75 (<jats:sc>SD<\/jats:sc>961\u00b71) kJ\/d) of total energy intake. After adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, higher ultra-processed consumption at 4 years was associated directly with \u2018Food Responsiveness\u2019 (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7019; 95 % CI 0\u00b7007, 0\u00b7037) and indirectly through energy intake with avoidant traits: \u2018Food Fussiness\u2019 (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>= \u20130\u00b7007; 95 % CI 0\u00b7002, 0\u00b7012) and \u2018Satiety Responsiveness\u2019 (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>= \u20130\u00b7007; 95 % CI 0\u00b7003, 0\u00b7012). Ultra-processed consumption at 4 years old was associated with BMI at 10 years old, but appetitive behaviours were not powerful mediators of this association. The results suggest a path by which ultra-processed products may impact on later appetitive traits and higher BMI in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114520003712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T04:09:18Z","timestamp":1600834158000},"page":"1427-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1640-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela 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