{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:23:50Z","timestamp":1774466630119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence on the association between children\u2019s food insecurity (FI) and dietary patterns (DPs) is scarce. This study assessed the association between children\u2019s FI and<jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>a posteriori<\/jats:italic>-defined DPs in a Portuguese population-based sample of children. A cross-sectional study including 2800 children from the 10-year-old follow-up of the Generation XXI birth cohort was performed. Data on food security status, assessed by the Self-administered Food Security Survey Module for children (SAFSSMC), dietary intake and socio-demographics were collected. A previously developed Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was adapted for this study. Using the HEI score and its food groups, linear and logistic regression models were performed. Using latent class analysis, five<jats:italic>a posteriori<\/jats:italic>-defined DPs were identified. The DPs names considered an overall picture of the DP. Food security status as a categorical (food security\/FI) and continuous variable (SAFSSMC raw score: higher scores representing higher FI) was used. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association between food security status and DPs. Children\u2019s FI (9\u00b74 %) was inversely associated with the HEI score (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7695;95%CI:\u20131\u00b7154,\u20130\u00b7235), representing worse diet quality. A higher SAFSSMC raw score was associated with low fruit and vegetables (OR=1\u00b7089;95%CI:1\u00b7023,1\u00b7159) and seafood and eggs consumption (OR=1\u00b7073;95%CI:1\u00b7009,1\u00b7142) and high consumption of meat and meat products (OR=1\u00b7091;95%CI:1\u00b7026,1\u00b7160), salty snacks (OR=1\u00b7067;95%CI:1\u00b7003,1\u00b7136) and soft drinks (OR=1\u00b7097;95%CI:1\u00b7031,1\u00b7168). The SAFSSMC raw score was positively associated with \u2018Low consumption\u2019 (OR=1\u00b7119;95%CI:1\u00b7016,1\u00b7232), \u2018Energy-dense foods\u2019 (OR=1\u00b7155;95%CI:1\u00b7028,1\u00b7298) and \u2018Snacking\u2019 (OR=1\u00b7119;95%CI:1\u00b7006,1\u00b7245) DPs. FI was associated with worse dietary choices. Intervention strategies targeting food insecure children should be developed to promote healthy dietary habits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114522001891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T05:40:05Z","timestamp":1658295605000},"page":"1776-1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Associations between children\u2019s reports of food insecurity and dietary patterns: findings from the Generation XXI birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-16","article-title":"Children\u2019s very low food security is associated with increased dietary intakes in energy, fat, and added sugar among Mexican-origin children (6\u201311 years) in Texas border Colonias","volume":"12","author":"Sharkey","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref24","unstructured":"24. United States Department of Agriculture \u2013 Agricultural Research Service (2003) USDA National Nutrient Database For Standard Reference. https:\/\/data.nal.usda.gov\/dataset\/usda-national-nutrient-database-standard-reference-legacy-release (accessed May 2021)."},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003620","article-title":"Association between energy-dense food consumption at 2 years of age and diet quality at 4 years of age","volume":"111","author":"Vilela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021683","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021683","article-title":"Timing of household food insecurity exposures and asthma in a cohort of US school-aged children","volume":"8","author":"Mangini","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref36","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Social Inequalities in the Access to a Healthy Diet: a Study in the Portuguese Population PhD Thesis","author":"Greg\u00f3rio","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300522","article-title":"High food insecurity and its correlates among families living on a rural American Indian Reservation","volume":"102","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020445","article-title":"Examining the association between food literacy and food insecurity","volume":"11","author":"Begley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12278","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12278","article-title":"Association of maternal characteristics and behaviours with 4-year-old children\u2019s dietary patterns","volume":"13","author":"Dur\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114522001891_ref33","unstructured":"33. 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