{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:30:25Z","timestamp":1764937825088,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporal energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) patterns may be associated with obesity. We aimed to derive and characterise temporal EI and PA patterns, and assess their cross-sectional association with weight status, in 6-to-14-year-old Portuguese participants of the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015\u20132016. We extracted times and EI of all eating occasions from two 1-d food diaries\/24-h recalls, while types and times of PA from 4-d PA diaries. We derived EI patterns (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 714) and PA patterns (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 595), using, respectively, a hierarchical and K-means cluster analysis, considering the average proportion of total daily EI (%TEI) and PA intensity (%TPA), within each 2-h interval across the 24-h day. Patterns were labelled based on the 2-h intervals of %TEI\/TPA peaks. We assessed the association between patterns and overweight or obesity (BMI z-score \u2265 +1 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) using adjusted logistic regressions (OR (95 % CI)). Three EI patterns emerged: 1 \u2013 \u2018Early afternoon and early evening\u2019; 2 \u2013 \u2018Early afternoon and late evening\u2019; and 3 \u2013 \u2018Late morning, early and mid-afternoon and late evening\u2019. EI Pattern 3 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. Pattern 1 was negatively associated with overweight or obesity (0\u00b749 (0\u00b726, 0\u00b792)). PA Pattern 1 \u2013 \u2018Late morning, mid-afternoon and early evening\u2019 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. Pattern 2 \u2013 \u2018Late afternoon\u2019, was not associated with weight status (0\u00b795 (0\u00b765, 1\u00b738)). A daily EI pattern with more and even\u00a0%TEI peaks at earlier daytime periods, rather than fewer and higher, may be negatively associated with overweight or obesity amongst this population whereas the identified PA patterns might have no relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114524002861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T09:50:58Z","timestamp":1731318658000},"page":"1684-1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal patterns of energy intake and physical activity and cross-sectional associations with body weight status in children and adolescents: results from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-3578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1944-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114524002861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T14:23:23Z","timestamp":1735827803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114524002861\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114524002861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114524002861","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1145"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2662"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}