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In Solanaceae, trans-specific evolution (the observation that an allele from one species may be more closely related to an allele from another species than to others from the same species) has been taken as an argument for the very old age of specificities. In this work, by determining, for the first time, the age of extant<jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>species, we show that this reasoning cannot be applied to Prunoideae. Furthermore, since our sample size is large (all<jats:italic>S-RNase<\/jats:italic>encoding the female component and<jats:italic>SFB<\/jats:italic>encoding the male component GenBank sequences), we were able to estimate the age of the oldest<jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>specificities. By doing so, we show that the lower variability levels at the<jats:italic>Prunus S<\/jats:italic>-locus, in comparison with Solanaceae, is due to the younger age of<jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>alleles, and not to a difference in silent mutation rates. We show that the ancestor to extant<jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>species harboured at least 102 specificities, in contrast to the maximum of 33 observed in extant<jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>species. Since the number of specificities that can be maintained in a population depends on the effective population size, this observation suggests a bottleneck in<jats:italic>Prunus<\/jats:italic>evolutionary history. Loss of specificities may have occurred during this event. Using only information on amino acid sites that determine specificity differences, and a simulation approach, we show that a model that assumes closely related specificities are not preferentially lost during evolution, fails to predict the observed degree of specificity relatedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0016672307009044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]],"date-time":"2008-05-08T12:09:26Z","timestamp":1210248566000},"page":"17-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The number, age, sharing and relatedness of<i>S<\/i>-locus specificities in<i>Prunus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"JORGE","family":"VIEIRA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"NUNO A.","family":"FONSECA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"RAQUEL 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