{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:42:37Z","timestamp":1775540557217,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]],"date-time":"2006-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1145491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8479,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Fluid Mech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser-Doppler measurements of velocity distribution and reattachment length are reported downstream of a single backward-facing step mounted in a two-dimensional channel. Results are presented for laminar, transitional and turbulent flow of air in a Reynolds-number range of 70 &lt; <jats:italic>Re<\/jats:italic> &lt; 8000. The experimental results show that the various flow regimes are characterized by typical variations of the separation length with Reynolds number. The reported laser-Doppler measurements do not only yield the expected primary zone of recirculating flow attached to the backward-facing step but also show additional regions of flow separation downstream of the step and on both sides of the channel test section. These additional separation regions have not been previously reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>Although the high aspect ratio of the test section (1:36) ensured that the oncoming flow was fully developed and two-dimensional, the experiments showed that the flow downstream of the step only remained two-dimensional at low and high Reynolds numbers.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>The present study also included numerical predictions of backward-facing step flow. The two-dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum were solved. Results are reported and are compared with experiments for those Reynolds numbers for which the flow maintained its two-dimensionality in the experiments. Under these circumstances, good agreement between experimental and numerical results is obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022112083002839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]],"date-time":"2006-04-20T10:22:40Z","timestamp":1145528560000},"page":"473-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1351,"title":["Experimental and theoretical investigation of backward-facing step flow"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"B. F.","family":"Armaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Durst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. C. F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sch\u00f6nung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vahl Davis, G. De & Mallinson, G. D. 1976 An evaluation of upwind and central difference approximations by a study of recirculating flow Comp. Fluids 4,29.","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7930(76)90010-4"},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etheridge, D. W. & Kemp, P. H. 1978 Measurements of turbulent flow downstream of a backward-facing step J. Fluid Mech. 86,545.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112078001275"},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno, E. O. & Hung, T. K. 1967 Computational and experimental study of a captive annular eddy J. 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A. 1964 Heat transfer to the turbulent separated flows of air downstream of a step in the surface of a plate.Trans. A.S.M.E. C: J. Heat Transfer 86,259.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3687118"},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leschziner, M. A. 1980 Practical evaluation of three finite difference schemes for the computation of steady-state recirculating flows Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng 23,293.","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(80)90011-0"},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref014","unstructured":"Gersten, K. & Wauschkuhn, P. 1978 \u00dcber die abgel\u00f6ste turbulente Str\u00f6mung bei endlichem Abl\u00f6segebiet. Bericht No. 63\/1978, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Str\u00f6mungsmechanik, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum."},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref007","unstructured":"Denham, M. K. & Patrick, M. A. 1974 Laminar flow over a downstream-facing step in a two-dimensional flow channel Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs 52,361."},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref009","unstructured":"Durst, F. & Tropea, C. 1981 Turbulent, backward-facing step in two-dimensional ducts and channels. In: Proc. Turbulent Shear Flow 3 Symp. Davis, September 1981."},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leschziner, M. A. & Rodi, W. 1981 Calculation of annular and twin parallel jets using various discretization schemes and turbulence-model variations.Trans. A.S.M.E. I: J. Fluids Engng 103,352.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3241745"},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref016","unstructured":"Gosman, A. D. & Pun, W. M. 1974 Lecture notes for course entitled: \u2018Calculation of recirculating flow\u2019. Heat Transfer Rep. HTS\/74\/2, Imperial College, London."},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref030","unstructured":"Wauschkuhn, P. & VASANTA RAM, V. 1975b Die turbulente Grenzschicht unmittelbar hinter dem Wiederanlegen eines Abl\u00f6segebietes.Z. angew. Math. 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W. 1967 Heat transfer in separated, reattachment and redevelopment regions behind a double step at the entrance to a flat duct.Trans. A.S.M.E. C: J. Heat Transfer 89,163.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3614343"},{"key":"S0022112083002839_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raithby, G. D. 1976 Skewed upwind differencing schemes for problems involving fluid flow Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng 19,153.","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(76)90058-X"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluid Mechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022112083002839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T04:08:31Z","timestamp":1750478911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022112083002839\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0022112083002839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022112083002839","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1120","1469-7645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1120","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]}}}