{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:02:27Z","timestamp":1768341747062,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]],"date-time":"2006-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146009600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4804,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Fluid Mech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Detailed velocity measurements and numerical predictions are presented for the flow through a plane nominally two-dimensional duct with a Symmetric sudden expansion of area ratio 1:2. Both the experiments and the predictions confirm a symmetry-breaking bifurcation of the flow leading to one long and one short Separation zone for channel Reynolds numbers above 125, based on the upstream channel height and the maximum flow velocity upstream. With increasing Reynolds numbers above this value, the short separated region remains approximately constant in length whereas the long region increases in length.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The experimental data were obtained using a one-component laser-Doppler anemometer at many Reynolds number values, with more extensive measurements being performed for the three Reynolds numbers 70, 300 and 610. Predictions were made using a finite volume method and an explicit quadratic Leith type of temporal discretization. In general, good agreement was found between measured and predicted velocity profiles for all Reynolds numbers investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022112093000916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,27]],"date-time":"2006-04-27T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1146139314000},"page":"567-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["The plane Symmetric sudden-expansion flow at low Reynolds numbers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Durst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. C. F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tropea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref012","unstructured":"Restivo, A. & Whitelaw, J. H. 1978 Turbulence characteristics of the flow downstream of a Symmetric, plane sudden expansion.Trans. ASME I:J. Fluids Engng 100,308."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobey, I. J. 1985 Observation of waves during oscillatory channel flow.J. Fluid Mech. 151 395\u2013406.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112085001021"},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref003","unstructured":"Azevedo, J. L. T. , Durst, F. & Pereira, J. C. F. 1988 Comparison of strongly implicit procedures for the solution of the fluid flow equations in finite difference form.Appl. Math. Modelling 12,51."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref009","unstructured":"Leonard, B. P. 1979 A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation.Compl. Meths. Appl. Mech. Engng 19,59."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref011","unstructured":"Patankar, S. V. 1980 Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow .Hemisphere."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref016","unstructured":"Wille, R. & Fernholz, H. 1965 Report on the first European Mechanics Colloquium on the Coanda effect.J. Fluid Mech. 23,801\u2013819."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref015","unstructured":"Sobey, I. J. & Drazin, P. G. 1986 Bifurcations of two-dimensional channel flows.J. Fluid Mech. 171,263."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref001","unstructured":"Acrivos, A. & Schrader, M. 1982 Steady flow in a sudden expansion at high Reynolds numbers.Phys. Fluids 25,923."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref002","unstructured":"Armaly, B. F. , Durst, F. , Pereira, J. C. F. & Schonung, B. 1983 Experimental and theoretical investigations of backward facing step flow.J. Fluid Mech. 127,473."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref006","unstructured":"Davis, R. W. & Moore, E. F. 1982 A numerical study of vortex shedding from rectangles.J. Fluid Mech. 116,475\u2013506."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref004","unstructured":"Braza, M. , Chassaing, P. & HA Minh, H. 1986 Numerical study and physical analysis of pressure and velocity fields in the wake of a circular cylinder.J. Fluid Mech. 165,79."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref007","unstructured":"Durst, F. , Melling, A. & Whitelaw, J. H. 1974 Low Reynolds number flow over a plane Symmetric sudden expansion.J. Fluid Mech. 64,111\u2013128."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref005","unstructured":"Cherdron, W. , Durst, F. & Whitelaw, J. H. 1978 Asymmetric flows and instabilities in Symmetric ducts with sudden expansions.J. Fluid Mech. 84,13\u201331."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref008","unstructured":"Fearn, R. M. , Mullin, T. & Cliffe, K. A. 1990 Nonlinear flow phenomena in a Symmetric sudden expansion.J. Fluid Mech. 211,595\u2013608."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref013","unstructured":"Shapira, M. , Degani, D. & Weihs, D. 1990 Stability and existence of multiple Solutions for viscous flow in suddenly enlarged channels.Computers Fluids 18,239\u2013258."},{"key":"S0022112093000916_ref010","unstructured":"Obi, S. , Peric, M. & Scheuerer, G. 1989 A finite volume calculation procedure for turbulent flows with second-order closure and collocated variable arrangement. Proc. 7th Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flows, Stanford , pp.17.4-1\u201317.4-6."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluid Mechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022112093000916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T17:53:57Z","timestamp":1559843637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022112093000916\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S0022112093000916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022112093000916","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1120","1469-7645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1120","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}}}