{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1775480582372,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the advances of molecular tools, new nematode species are still described mainly based on morphological characters.<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Thelandros<\/jats:italic>are two genera of oxyurids with unclear related taxonomic histories. Here we use morphological characters (linear measurements and categorical variables) and genetic information (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI partial gene sequences) to confirm the relationships between representatives of these two genera and to determine whether they can be discriminated morphologically. Genetic results confirm the existence of two main clades, mostly congruent with<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Thelandros<\/jats:italic>genera but with several discordances.<jats:italic>Thelandros<\/jats:italic>is polyphyletic, with two of the species analysed (<jats:italic>T. filiformis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>T. tinerfensis<\/jats:italic>) being part of the<jats:italic>Thelandros<\/jats:italic>clade, but with a third one (<jats:italic>T. galloti<\/jats:italic>) falling within the<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>clade. Regarding the<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>clade,<jats:italic>P. cubensis, P. scleratus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>sp. from Mexico form congruent lineages, while most<jats:italic>P. echinatus<\/jats:italic>samples cluster in another group, with one exception. Interestingly,<jats:italic>P. micipsae<\/jats:italic>samples are scattered across the<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>clade, suggesting that they were misidentified or rather represent alternative morphotypes of other species. Morphological analysis identified the length of the tail, number of caudal papillae, position of the nerve ring, presence of caudal alae and length of the lateral alae as reliable characters to distinguish between<jats:italic>Parapharyngodon<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Thelandros<\/jats:italic>genetic clades. Our study highlights the current taxonomic inconsistency in these groups, mainly derived from the exclusive use of morphological data. As such, we advocate for the routine implementation of molecular data in nematode taxonomic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x1800069x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T06:38:11Z","timestamp":1537425491000},"page":"616-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The importance of integrative approaches in nematode taxonomy: the validity of Parapharyngodon and Thelandros as distinct genera"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"De Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.J.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7466-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref51","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803232105"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref19","first-page":"15","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zoologia Caboverdiana"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref18","first-page":"1945","volume":"272","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref49","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Archival Volume","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref17","first-page":"382","volume":"62","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-017-9725-5"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/zoo-1311-18"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1933.11684745"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15685411-00002807"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref14","first-page":"447","volume":"7","year":"1957","journal-title":"Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Maroc"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss020"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3421"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040447"},{"key":"S0022149X1800069X_ref7","volume-title":"The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. 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