{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:04:31Z","timestamp":1773047071726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,8]],"date-time":"2008-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220832000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Mar. Biol. Ass."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite being an exploited and economically important species, little is known about the reproductive behaviour of<jats:italic>Loligo forbesi<\/jats:italic>. During a captive trial performed in a closed seawater system in the Azores, three spawning events were directly witnessed. An account of their main behavioural aspects is given. A number of behavioural components are described for the first time in this species: \u2018pair formation\u2019, \u2018mate guarding\u2019, \u2018egg holding\u2019, \u2018egg touching\u2019, \u2018white arms\u2019, \u2018red accessory nidamental glands\u2019, \u2018accentuated testis\u2019, and \u2018jockeying and parrying\u2019. The chromatic, locomotor and postural components were very similar to other coastal loliginids observed on spawning grounds. From egg masses recovered on octopus traps, we show that in the Azores spawning activity occurs at least between 25 and 144\u00a0m, but greater depths might be expected. We suggest that this squid preferentially deposits egg masses on hard structures probably hiding them in cracks and crevices of volcanic substrata. The existence of spawning aggregations is supported by several factors: (i) these spawning grounds may coincide with the fishing spots, where the exploitation seasonally takes place, given that most individuals caught by fishermen are usually mature (more than 80%); and (ii) mate guarding and jockeying\/parrying by males was observed, which is a common feature of spawning aggregation areas, where sperm competition occurs. Furthermore, our results, combined with available published and non-published data further confirm<jats:italic>L. forbesi<\/jats:italic>as an intermittent spawner. We estimate that throughout their short life cycle, females of<jats:italic>L. forbesi<\/jats:italic>are able to perform up to six spawning events, each composed of an average of\u00a0\u22482300 eggs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0025315408002415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,8]],"date-time":"2008-09-08T09:29:58Z","timestamp":1220866198000},"page":"171-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["First description of spawning in a deep water loliginid squid,<i>Loligo forbesi<\/i>(Cephalopoda: Myopsida)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gilberto P.","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipe M.","family":"Porteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Cardigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helen R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref16","first-page":"15","article-title":"Laboratory culture and estimated life span of the Eastern Atlantic squid, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)","volume":"20","author":"Hanlon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aquaculture and Fisheries Management"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10236249409378915"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref13","first-page":"247","article-title":"Behavioral and body patterning characters useful in taxonomy and field identification of cephalopods","volume":"29","author":"Hanlon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Malacologia"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7836(94)90100-7"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref12","first-page":"89","article-title":"The functional organization of chromatophores and iridescent cells in the body patterning of Loligo plei (Cephalopoda: Myopsida)","volume":"23","author":"Hanlon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Malacologia"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00349459"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref27","first-page":"7","article-title":"The exploited stock of Loligo forbesi in the Azores: additional notes on biology and fisheries","author":"Martins","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. 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No evidence for a role for Cu- or Zn-metallothionein","volume":"134","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsc.1997.0257"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400035530"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400058665"},{"key":"S0025315408002415_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315402006392"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0025315408002415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T21:56:39Z","timestamp":1684533399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0025315408002415\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025315408002415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0025315408002415","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-3154","1469-7769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-3154","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,8]]}}}