{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T21:45:13Z","timestamp":1722721513422},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]],"date-time":"2011-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312329600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Mar. Biol. Ass."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The resident population of common bottlenose dolphins (<jats:italic>Tursiops truncatus<\/jats:italic>) in the Sado Estuary, Portugal, has been declining at least during the past three decades. A complete photographic census produced a current count of 24 animals\u201419 adults, three subadults and two calves. It appears to be phylopatric and essentially closed, but given the likely importance that exchanges with neighbouring coastal groups may play, even if rare, the most adequate term to define this dolphin should be community and not population. Large groups with all age-classes are common in the community, possibly as a calf and subadult protection strategy, and this may be related to the fact that these age-classes have had high mortality rates in the last decade. Maternity of two calves was determined, and we found that the two mothers adopted different parenting strategies. While one mother spent more time alone with her calf, the other mother spent more time with her calf in larger groups. The average coefficient of association for this community is 0.45, quite high for this species. Associations and typical group size are similar between all individuals, with no patterning according to age-class or sex, which constitutes an atypical trait for dolphin societies. There are also no clear divisions in this community according to cluster analysis. Associations are preferred and long term, lasting approximately 34 days and fitting a pattern of casual acquaintances, where individuals associate for a period of time, disassociate and may reassociate after that. This reflects the fission\u2013fusion character of the community, but in a more stable manner. We think this is caused by a combination of demographic characteristics and a stable and productive environment, which led to a decrease in competition between individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0025315411000889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]],"date-time":"2011-08-03T11:53:33Z","timestamp":1312372413000},"page":"1773-1782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Social structure of the declining resident community of common bottlenose dolphins in the Sado Estuary, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Joana F.","family":"Augusto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rachinas-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel E.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.3.987"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1086\/323114","article-title":"Is sociality driven by the costs of dispersal or the benefits of phylopatry? 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(1995) Behaviour and social ecology of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, in the Sado estuary, Portugal. PhD thesis. University of Bielefeld, Germany."},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-223"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601602103"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0896"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0802"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref2","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information\u2013theoretic approach","author":"Burnham","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2005.02.001"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-075"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref6","first-page":"289","article-title":"Age, growth, and reproduction of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the east coast of southern Africa","volume":"88","author":"Cockcroft","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fishery Bulletin"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref7","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Quantitative ethology","author":"Colgan","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2004.02.022"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref12","first-page":"65","article-title":"Preliminary observations of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Sado estuary (Portugal)","volume":"13","author":"dos Santos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aquatic Mammals"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref13","unstructured":"Eisfeld S.M. and Robinson K.P. (2004) The sociality of bottlenose dolphins in the outer southern Moray Firth, NE Scotland: implications for current management proposals? European Research on Cetaceans 18. [on CD-ROM.]"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2010.00403.x"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Organization and social structure of the coastal bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus in the Gulf de Guayaquil, Ecuador","volume":"23","author":"F\u00e9lix","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aquatic Mammals"},{"key":"S0025315411000889_ref15","unstructured":"Gaspar R. (2003) Status of the resident bottlenose dolphin population in the Sado estuary: past, present and future. PhD thesis. 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