{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T20:57:05Z","timestamp":1758401825666},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Mar. Biol. Ass."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Lusitanian toadfish <jats:italic>Halobatrachus didactylus<\/jats:italic> is a demersal teleost and the only species of the family Batrachoididae that occurs along the continental Portuguese coast. It is a subtropical species that is more abundant in the south of Portugal, whereas along the western coast it is concentrated in discrete populations, located in estuaries and coastal recesses. The distinct features of these estuaries have revealed important changes in the respective Lusitanian toadfish populations, namely particularities in their distribution and population structure, and also in the morphology and breeding behaviour of the specimens. A survey covering 31 stations in the Tagus estuary, Portugal, and adjacent coastal waters sampled these stations over an 18 month period. This study characterized the distribution, abundance, population structure and activity of <jats:italic>H. didactylus<\/jats:italic> in this coastal zone. Toadfish showed a preferential distribution in the intermediate and lower estuarine stretches, and was more abundant in the Montijo Bay, a small bay within the Tagus estuary. Three length-groups were identified, with larger specimens more abundant in deeper areas. The specimens also revealed a preference for areas of higher water temperature, low water current and muddy substrates. Female specimens were slightly more abundant than males and type II males had a very low frequency of occurrence (3.2%). Captures of toadfish were high in spring and late summer and very low in winter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s002531541100169x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T09:15:34Z","timestamp":1320138934000},"page":"405-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Distribution, abundance, population structure and activity of <i>Halobatrachus didactylus<\/i> in the Tagus estuary (Portugal) and adjacent coastal waters"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Cotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tadeu Jos\u00e9","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lino","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S002531541100169X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2008.01974.x"},{"key":"S002531541100169X_ref14","first-page":"111","article-title":"The interaction between Halobatrachus didactylus and Anguilla anguilla: what happens when these species occur in sympatry?","volume":"32","author":"Costa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cybium"},{"key":"S002531541100169X_ref10","first-page":"111","article-title":"R\u00e9gimen alimenticio del sapo, Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) (Pisces: Batrachoididae), en la Bah\u00eda de C\u00e1diz (Espa\u00f1a sudoccidental)","volume":"28","author":"C\u00e1rdenas","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vie et Milieu Serie A\u2014Biolgie Marine"},{"key":"S002531541100169X_ref24","first-page":"1360","volume-title":"Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. 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(2004) A biologia do xarroco Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) e o seu papel na estrutura e funcionamento dos ecossistemas em que se insere; refer\u00eancia especial \u00e0 popula\u00e7\u00e3o do estu\u00e1rio do Mira. PhD thesis. 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