{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:51:47Z","timestamp":1761929507690},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,21]],"date-time":"2010-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279670400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>With increasing resistance to anti-parasitic drugs, it has become more important to detect and recognize phenotypes of resistant isolates. Molecular methods of detecting resistant isolates are limited at present. Here, we introduce a microfluidic bioassay to measure phenotype using parameters of nematode locomotion. We illustrate the technique on larvae of an animal parasite<jats:italic>Oesophagostomum dentatum.<\/jats:italic>Parameters of sinusoidal motion such as propagation velocity, wavelength, wave amplitude, and oscillation frequency depended on the levamisole-sensitivity of the isolate of parasitic nematode. The levamisole-sensitive isolate (SENS) had a mean wave amplitude of 135<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, which was larger than 123<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m of the levamisole-resistant isolate (LEVR). SENS had a mean wavelength of 373<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m, which was less than 393<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m of LEVR. The mean propagation velocity of SENS, 149<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, was similar to LEVR, 143<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The propagation velocity of the isolates was inhibited by levamisole in a concentration-dependent manner above 0\u00b75<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. The<jats:italic>EC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>50<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>for SENS was 3<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>and the<jats:italic>EC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>50<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>for LEVR was 10<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. This microfluidic technology advances present-day nematode migration assays and provides a better quantification and increased drug sensitivity. It is anticipated that the bioassay will facilitate study of resistance to other anthelmintic drugs that affect locomotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182010001010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,21]],"date-time":"2010-07-21T14:35:57Z","timestamp":1279722957000},"page":"80-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Microfluidic bioassay to characterize parasitic nematode phenotype and anthelmintic resistance"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"BAOZHEN","family":"CHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"ALEX","family":"DEUTMEYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"JOHN","family":"CARR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"ALAN P.","family":"ROBERTSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"RICHARD 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