{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T06:46:07Z","timestamp":1768718767551,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459728000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Known life cycles of myxosporean parasites have two hosts, but very few life cycles have been disclosed, especially in the marine environment.<jats:italic>Sphaerospora dicentrarchi<\/jats:italic>Sitj\u00e0-Bobadilla and \u00c1lvarez-Pellitero, 1992 is a systemic parasite from the European seabass,<jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/jats:italic>(Linnaeus, 1758), a highly valuable commercial fish. It affects its health, leading to aquaculture production losses. During 2013 and 2014, an actinospore survey was conducted in a total of 5942 annelids collected from a fish farm in Algarve and from the Aveiro Estuary, in Portugal. A new tetractinomyxon actinospore was found in a capitellid polychaete, belonging to the genera<jats:italic>Capitella<\/jats:italic>collected at the fish farm. The tetractinomyxons were pyriform measuring 11\u00b71 \u00b1 0\u00b77<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>m in length and 7\u00b72 \u00b1 0\u00b74<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>m in width, and presented three rounded polar capsules measuring 2\u00b74 \u00b1 0\u00b73<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>m in diameter. The molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequences from the tetractinomyxons revealed a similarity of 100% with the DNA sequences deposited in the GenBank from<jats:italic>S. dicentrarchi<\/jats:italic>myxospores collected from the European seabass and the spotted seabass in the same fish farm and 99\u00b79% similarity with the DNA sequence obtained from the myxospores found infecting the European seabass in the Aveiro Estuary. Therefore, the new tetractinomyxons are inferred to represent the actinospore phase of the<jats:italic>S. dicentrarchi<\/jats:italic>life cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182016000512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T10:19:58Z","timestamp":1459765198000},"page":"1067-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Tetractinomyxon stages genetically consistent with<i>Sphaerospora dicentrarchi<\/i>(Myxozoa: Sphaerosporidae) found in<i>Capitella<\/i>sp. (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) suggest potential role of marine polychaetes in parasite's life cycle"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"LUIS F.","family":"RANGEL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"RICARDO","family":"CASTRO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00d3NIA","family":"ROCHA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"RICARDO","family":"SEVERINO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"GRA\u00c7A","family":"CASAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"CARLOS","family":"AZEVEDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"FRANCISCA","family":"CAVALEIRO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"MARIA J.","family":"SANTOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00287.x"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927615014233"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.2007.01049.x"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010001381"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000163"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref39","first-page":"113","article-title":"Myxosporidean infections in Adriatic cage-reared fish","volume":"23","author":"Mladineo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.11646\/zoosymposia.2.1.6","article-title":"Capitella teleta, a new species designation for the opportunistic and experimental Capitella sp. I, with a review of the literature for confirmed records","volume":"2","author":"Blake","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zoosymposia"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref21","first-page":"240","article-title":"Studies on some sporozoan parasites of sipunculoids. I. The life-history of a new actinomyxidian, Tetractinomyxon intermedium g. et sp. nov","volume":"25","author":"Ikeda","year":"1912","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Protistenkunde"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-491R.1"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2004.002"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2009.014"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1777.1"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao046197"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.06.001"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/417338"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref50","first-page":"273","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic description of Sphaerospora dicentrarchi n. sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) from wild and cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L","volume":"39","author":"Sitj\u00e0-Bobadilla","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2013.016"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.52.2004.4.9"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref43","unstructured":"Palumbi S. , Martin A. , Romano S. , McMillan W. O. , Stice L. and Grabowski G. (2002). The Simple Fool's Guide to PCR. Version 2.0. 45 p."},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps063157"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.05.018"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10152-004-0214-2"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3942-5"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2004.024"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1352818"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2471-8"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315401004362"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2006.001"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02067"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284281"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-781R.1"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.11646\/zoosymposia.2.1.7","article-title":"Redescription of Capitella capitata (Fabricius) from West Greenland and designation of a neotype (Polychaeta, Capitellidae)","volume":"2","author":"Blake","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zoosymposia"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05585.x"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao030099"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.06.016"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-006-0053-5"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257794"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2002.028"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref25","first-page":"179","article-title":"The Spionidae (Polychaeta) act as invertebrate hosts for marine Myxozoa","volume":"25","author":"K\u00f8ie","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1256.1"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2008.013"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao030001"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref34","first-page":"99","article-title":"Secondary production of Capitella sp. (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) inhabiting different organically enriched environments","volume":"61","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scientia Marina"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref35","first-page":"25","article-title":"Life history and production of Capitella capitata (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) in R\u00edo de la Plata Estuary (Argentina)","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thalassas"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07924259.2000.9652448"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref38","first-page":"290","article-title":"Parasites of cage cultured European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and gilthead seabream Sparus aurata from Sardinia (western Mediterranean): first results","volume":"48","author":"Merella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.08.015"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004605"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref44","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Sea bass. Biology, Exploitation and Conservation","author":"Pickett","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4472-5"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref49","unstructured":"Santos M. J. (1998). Parasitas do robalo (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) da Ria de Aveiro e sua din\u00e2mica populacional. Ph.D. thesis. University of Porto, 261 p."},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000074795"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fss200"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps063147"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00388934"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00120.x"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref58","first-page":"21","article-title":"First record of Sphaerospora dicentrarchi (Myxosporea, Sphaerosporidae) in Dicentrarchus punctatus","volume":"33","author":"Xavier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref59","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Health and Environment in Aquaculture","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0031182016000512_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0871:FROAAM]2.0.CO;2"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182016000512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1600402165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182016000512\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182016000512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182016000512","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}