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This commercially important fish group constitutes a significant source of food in several geographic regions, and the production of some species for consumption is an increasing trend. About 64 myxosporean species have been reported in mullets, some of which are cryptic, as is the case of<jats:italic>Myxobolus exiguus<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>M. muelleri<\/jats:italic>. This paper provides, for the first time, a detailed and critical revision of the data available for myxobolids reported in mullets, determining the species that have<jats:italic>bona fide<\/jats:italic>mugiliform fish hosts, in accordance with the original species descriptions, the available molecular data and the currently accepted taxonomic and phylogenetic criteria. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood methodologies suggest that the evolutionary history of myxobolids with<jats:italic>bona fide<\/jats:italic>mugiliform fish hosts reflects that of its vertebrate hosts, while reinforcing known evolutionary factors and old systematic issues of the clade of myxobolids. A comprehensive morphological, ultrastructural and molecular redescription is also provided for the cryptic species<jats:italic>M. exiguus<\/jats:italic>, from infections in the visceral peritoneum of the thinlip-grey mullet<jats:italic>Chelon ramada<\/jats:italic>in the River Minho, Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182018001671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T04:51:18Z","timestamp":1539147078000},"page":"479-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Phylogeny and comprehensive revision of mugiliform-infecting myxobolids (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae), with the morphological and molecular redescription of the cryptic species<i>Myxobolus exiguus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6230-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00c2.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Casal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z89-274"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03179103"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-012-9374-7"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.25.87"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref57","first-page":"264","article-title":"Two new species of Myxobolus (myxosporea, Bivalvulida) from the Indian major carp Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822","volume":"6","author":"Kaur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Protistology"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2904-z"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3870-4"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2010.01161.x"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7714(02)00410-9"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4031-5"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref96","first-page":"191","article-title":"Two new records of Myxobolus b\u00fctschli, 1882 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Myxobolidae) species from Turkey","volume":"36","author":"\u00d6zak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref123","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Sovremennyje Problemy Parazitologii, Zoologii i Ekologii","author":"Yurakhno","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref121","first-page":"173","article-title":"Parasitofauna of some mugilid and soleid fish species from Tunisian lagoons","volume":"52","author":"Yemmen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Adriatica"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"S0031182018001671_ref112","unstructured":"Siau Y (1978) Contribution \u00e0 la connaissance des Myxosporidies: \u00e9tude de Myxobolus exiguus Th\u00e9lohan, 1895 (Cytologie, Cycle, Actions sur l'h\u00f4te, Epid\u00e9miologie). 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