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Hybrids displaying strong selective advantages may have an impact on pathogenesis and the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis. Thus, characterization of phenotypic properties of<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>hybrids could bring significant insight into the biology, infectivity, pathogenicity and transmission dynamics of these atypical strains. The present study focuses on phenotypic features and survival capacity of<jats:italic>Leishmania infantum\/Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>hybrid isolates as compared with representative putative parental species,<jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>assays (growth kinetics, susceptibility to different conditions) and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>infection (parasite detection and histopathological alterations) showed that hybrids present higher growth capacity and decreased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, evaluation of infected spleen tissue suggests that hybrids induce a stronger immune reaction than their putative parents, leading to the development of white pulp hyperplasia in B-lymphocyte compartments. Overall, these hybrids have shown high plasticity in terms of their general behaviour within the different phenotypic parameters, suggesting that they might have acquired genetic features conferring different mechanisms to evade host cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182018001993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T07:40:19Z","timestamp":1543477219000},"page":"580-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Elucidating<i>in vitro<\/i>and<i>in vivo<\/i>phenotypic behaviour of<i>L. infantum\/L. major<\/i>natural hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Cortes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Albuquerque-Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I. 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