{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:01:32Z","timestamp":1771473692718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was firstly reported in Armenia in 1913. Following a considerable increase of the number of cases until the mid 1950s, the disease disappeared after 1969 and re-emerged in 1999. Scientific literature about VL in Armenia is available only in Russian or Armenian. This paper presents a historical overview about leishmaniasis in Armenia based on this literature as well as an epidemiological update since the re-emergence of the disease. In 1999\u20132016, 116 indigenous VL cases were recorded mainly in children in 8 of the 11 districts, however, VL is underreported because of lack of trained medical personal and diagnostic facilities. The aim of this work was to apply for the first time molecular diagnosis of VL in Armenia. Out of 25 VL suspected patients, 22 were positive by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping using internal transcribed spacer 1-PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing identified the causative agent of VL in Armenia as <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>. The present work is an important step towards the inclusion of molecular techniques in the current diagnosis of VL in Armenia and the establishment of local molecular diagnostic facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019000064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T03:21:32Z","timestamp":1550028092000},"page":"857-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Re-Emerging foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Armenia \u2013 first molecular diagnosis of clinical samples"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Sukiasyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ara","family":"Keshishyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dezdemonia","family":"Manukyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gayane","family":"Melik-Andreasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Atshemyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hripsime","family":"Apresyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Strelkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Frohme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Kuhls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12325"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref40","first-page":"147","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0325-2"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref37","first-page":"1462","volume-title":"Abstracts Book \u2013 6th World Congress on Leishmaniasis, 16\u201320 May, Abstract C2059","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref8","first-page":"10","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Meditsinskaia parazitologiia (Mosk)"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1558-6"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002725"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref35","first-page":"68","volume":"1\u20132","year":"1941","journal-title":"Journal of the Soviet Health Care of Turkmenistan"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3929-2"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.07.001"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.11.012"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref32","first-page":"183","volume":"2","year":"1935","journal-title":"Transactions of the Veterinary Research Institute of Armenia [Trudy Nauch Islied Vet Inst Armenii]"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004349"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.04.009"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005261"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-58"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref29","first-page":"522","volume":"75","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref28","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Recent Questions in Epidemiology","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref27","first-page":"237","volume-title":"[Armenia- Challenges of Climate Change]","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0031182019000064_ref26","first-page":"75","volume-title":"[Current Problems in Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine. 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