{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T14:00:58Z","timestamp":1771682458064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides a morphological and phylogenetic characterization of two novel species of the order Haplosporida (<jats:italic>Haplosporidium carcini<\/jats:italic>n. sp., and<jats:italic>H. cranc<\/jats:italic>n. sp.) infecting the common shore crab<jats:italic>Carcinus maenas<\/jats:italic>collected at one location in Swansea Bay, South Wales, UK. Both parasites were observed in the haemolymph, gills and hepatopancreas. The prevalence of clinical infections (i.e. parasites seen directly in fresh haemolymph preparations) was low, at ~1%, whereas subclinical levels, detected by polymerase chain reaction, were slightly higher at ~2%. Although no spores were found in any of the infected crabs examined histologically (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 334), the morphology of monokaryotic and dikaryotic unicellular stages of the parasites enabled differentiation between the two new species. Phylogenetic analyses of the new species based on the small subunit (SSU) rDNA gene placed<jats:italic>H. cranc<\/jats:italic>in a clade of otherwise uncharacterized environmental sequences from marine samples, and<jats:italic>H. carcini<\/jats:italic>in a clade with other crustacean-associated lineages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020000980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T04:55:30Z","timestamp":1592283330000},"page":"1229-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diagnosis and prevalence of two new species of haplosporidians infecting shore crabs<i>Carcinus maenas<\/i>:<i>Haplosporidium carcini<\/i>n. sp., and<i>H. cranc<\/i>n. sp."],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5853-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georgia M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2848-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico M.","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sophie H.","family":"Malkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9124-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Feist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Rowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-343"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2010.09.018"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03417"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004724"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12668"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1963.tb01676.x"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12501"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes5010004"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2015.07.014"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(76)90090-2"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02196"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/alr:2004056"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277746"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00348935","article-title":"Introduction, dispersal and potential impacts of the green crab Carcinus maenas in San Francisco Bay, California","volume":"122","author":"Cohen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02619"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx108"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011002101"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2005.08.003"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.07.006"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/008391-0"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref9","first-page":"580","article-title":"Sur quelques nouvelles haplosporidies d'Ann\u00e9lide","volume":"58","author":"Caullery","year":"1905","journal-title":"Comptes rendus des s\u00e9ances de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03326"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao059057"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2007.11.037"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.025"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03264"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-897R.1"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3727-x"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.136"},{"key":"S0031182020000980_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCE.2010.5676129"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182020000980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T20:03:37Z","timestamp":1666987417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182020000980\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182020000980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182020000980","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}