{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T20:27:12Z","timestamp":1768940832408,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trans. R. Hist. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This article explores the role of representative assemblies in the diverse territories of the early modern Spanish and Portuguese empires spanning the Americas, parts of Asia, and Africa. It begins with a concise overview of the Portuguese and Spanish representative assemblies, commonly referred to as the\n                    <jats:italic>Cortes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The second section raises some preliminary questions about how the parliamentary culture brought by the Spanish and Portuguese to their overseas possessions shaped, and was shaped by, local understandings of political participation in institutions with a representational character. The third section examines the complex debate over the integration of representatives from overseas municipalities into the Castilian and Portuguese\n                    <jats:italic>Cortes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The fourth and final section analyses the interaction between Iberian parliamentary culture and a range of Asian, Indigenous American, and African perspectives on participation in representative gatherings. The principal argument is that representative assemblies, the debates they generated, and their varying degrees of prominence, reflect the fundamental changes observed in the political and legal structure of the Portuguese and Spanish empires.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0080440125100212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:17:27Z","timestamp":1752135447000},"page":"479-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Representative Institutions and Parliamentary Culture in the Portuguese and Spanish Empires (\n                    <i>c<\/i>\n                    . 1500\u2013\n                    <i>c<\/i>\n                    . 1700)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7100-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Cardim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciencias Sociais e Humanas"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Historical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0080440125100212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:02:03Z","timestamp":1768892523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0080440125100212\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0080440125100212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0080440125100212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-4401","1474-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0080-4401","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Historical Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}