{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:23:53Z","timestamp":1773786233821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Psycholinguistics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Music and language engage similar processing mechanisms, including auditory processing and higher cognitive functions, recruiting partially overlapping brain structures. It has been argued that both are related in child development and that linguistic functions can be positively influenced by music training above 4-years-old. In this randomized control study, with a test\u2013training\u2013retest methodology, 44 children (3\u20134 years old) were assessed with a phonological awareness test, prior and after an intervention period of a school year with weekly music classes (experimental group,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 23) or visual arts classes (control group,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 21) in kindergarten. In the preassessment there were no significant differences between groups. When comparing pre- and postassessment, results showed significant differences in both groups, but music classes\u2019 students outperformed the control group, showing larger differences between the beginning and the end of the intervention. Improvement in both groups is expected due to general developmental reasons. However, the fact that children receiving music classes show greater improvement indicates that music lessons have influenced phonological awareness. Our results support the hypothesis that music training may promote language abilities, specifically phonological awareness, prior to the ages previously studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0142716419000535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T05:09:57Z","timestamp":1585112997000},"page":"299-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Music effects on phonological awareness development in 3-year-old children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Lousada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Vig\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref19","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Intonational grammar in Ibero-Romance: approaches across linguistic subfields","author":"Frota","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00288"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref35","volume-title":"Manual para a Constru\u00e7\u00e3o de Jardins Interiores\u2014Colos de M\u00fasica","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00142"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1082"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2011.29.2.165"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198235811.001.0001","volume-title":"The phonology of Portuguese","author":"Mateus","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.1.159"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01568.x"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref21","volume-title":"Teoria da Aprendizagem Musical: Compet\u00eanci Assessment and Instruction","author":"Gordon","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2012.01142.x"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199567300.003.0002"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2008.25.4.383"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn120"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref29","volume-title":"Music, language and the brain","author":"Patel","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118791844.ch6","volume-title":"The handbook of Portuguese linguistics","author":"Collischonn","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/096)"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref57","volume-title":"The NICHD research program in reading development, reading disorders, and reading instruction: a summary of research findings. Keys to successful learning: A national summit on research in learning disabilities","author":"Lyon","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01220"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00376.x"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref2","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Textos Seleccionados do XXV Encontro da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Lingu\u00edstica","author":"Alves","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144341930130103"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref1","unstructured":"Afonso, C. M. de C. (2015). Complexidade Pros\u00f3dica\u2014Tarefas de consci\u00eancia fonol\u00f3gica em crian\u00e7as do 1o Ciclo do Ensino B\u00e1sico (Unpuplished manuscript, Universidade de Lisboa). Retrieved from http:\/\/repositorio.ul.pt\/bitstream\/10451\/23966\/1\/ulsd072798_td_Catarina_Afonso.pdf"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref37","unstructured":"Santos, A. R. (2012). Consci\u00eancia fonol\u00f3gica em crian\u00e7as de idade pr\u00e9-escolar (Unpublished manuscript, Universidade de Aveiro)."},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(02)00124-8"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref59","volume-title":"A correlational study of the relationships between music aptitude and phonemic awareness of kindergarten children","author":"Rubinson","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1284.060"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S014271640000984X"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref52","volume-title":"A sound beggining: phonological awareness assessment and instruction","author":"Lane","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00075-4"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref17","volume-title":"Prosody and focus in European Portuguese. Phonological phrasing and intonation","author":"Frota","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/40285257"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01777"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs180"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref9","unstructured":"Castro, A. , Alves, D. , Correia, S. , & Soares, C. (2018). Phonological Awareness Screening and Assessment Tool for European Portuguese Speaking Children (p. 1). Paper presetned at the 10th European Congress of Speech and Language Therapy, Cascais, Potugal, May 10\u201312."},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref39","volume-title":"Ler e Ensinar a Ler","author":"Sim-Sim","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3333642"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref54","volume-title":"Relationships between phonological awareness and musical rhythm subskills in kindergarten children and comparison of subskills in two schools with different amounts of music instruction","author":"Moritz","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135645"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2011.29.2.147"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref16","unstructured":"Freitas, M. J. , Alves, D. , & Costa, T. (2007). O conhecimento da l\u00edngua: Desenvolver a consci\u00eancia fonol\u00f3gica. Lisboa: Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o. Retrieved from http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:O+Conhecimento+da+L?ngua+:+Desenvolver+a+consci?ncia+fonol?gica#0"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref43","first-page":"696","article-title":"Developing phonemic awareness in young children","volume":"45","author":"Yopp","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reading Teacher"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.3.468"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023830910388018"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref33","volume-title":"Psychological foundations of musical behavior","author":"Radocy","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref34","unstructured":"Rios, A. C. (2009). Compet\u00eancias fonol\u00f3gicas na transi\u00e7\u00e3o do pr\u00e9-escolar para o 1.ociclo do ensino b\u00e1sico (Unpublished manuscript, Universidade de Aveiro)."},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410303217"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01647"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1991.tb00972.x"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406219111"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.00159"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002242940505300302"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2004.21.3.289"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref22","unstructured":"Lathroum, L. (2011). The role of music perception in predicting phonological awareness in five- and six-year-old children (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Miami)."},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735610361995"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref55","unstructured":"Deg\u00e9, F. , & Schwarzer, G. (2012). Investigating the associations between musical abilities and precursors of literacy in preschool children. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC) and 8th Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM), 250\u2013251."},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00124"},{"key":"S0142716419000535_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0255761408099063"}],"container-title":["Applied Psycholinguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0142716419000535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T21:24:57Z","timestamp":1722633897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0142716419000535\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0142716419000535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0142716419000535","relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-7164","1469-1817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-7164","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}