{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T06:07:58Z","timestamp":1708495678416},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Itinerario"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The forced removal and resettlement of population was a main feature of late European colonialism, in Africa and elsewhere. Both were crucial to the formulation and enactment of securitarian projects and developmental schemes, and to their recurrent intersection and close interdependence. The repertoires of <jats:italic>repressive developmentalism<\/jats:italic>\u2014the shaping of development strategies by securitarian concerns and the contamination of schemes of security by socioeconomic rationales\u2014were diverse, inspiring the various authorities and guiding many specific operations on the ground. This text provides one telling example of these repertoires, the Opera\u00e7\u00e3o Robusta (1969\u20131974), which entailed the forced removal of thousands of men, women, and children from the district of North Cuanza to the district of Zaire (both in the north of Angola, under Portuguese rule, and in the middle of an armed conflict that started in 1961), and was seen as a model for similar actions. Assessing the drives and the prospects associated with the operation, this text also addresses its violent dynamics and effects, namely the substantial separation of families, the meagre provision of welfare, and the intense processes of land expropriation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0165115320000054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T05:03:15Z","timestamp":1586322195000},"page":"55-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Robust Operation: Resettling, Security, and Development in Late Colonial Angola (1960s\u20131970s)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Miguel Bandeira","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref18","unstructured":"Coelho, Jo\u00e3o Paulo Borges . \u201cDa viol\u00eancia colonial ordenada \u00e0 ordem p\u00f3s-colonial violenta: Sobre um legado das guerras coloniais nas ex-col\u00f3nias portuguesas,\u201d Lusotopie (2003): 175\u201393."},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref7","unstructured":"Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Portugal (ANTT):"},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003975600004239"},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03057079808708567"},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref16","unstructured":"Coelho, Jo\u00e3o Paulo Borges . 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Resenha Hist\u00f3rico-Militar das Campanhas de \u00c1frica (1961\u20131974)","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref13","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3nio, Jo\u00e3o . \u201c O micro-cr\u00e9dito como ferramenta para o relan\u00e7amento da cultura do caf\u00e9 na regi\u00e3o agr\u00edcola do Libolo e Amboim (Angola) .\u201d MA diss., Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 2008."},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref19","unstructured":"Coghe, Samuel . Population Politics in the Tropics: Demography, Health and Colonial Rule in Portuguese Angola, 1890s\u20131940s. PhD diss., Florence, European University Institute, 2014."},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref21","unstructured":"Feichtinger, Moritz . \u201cVillagization\u201d: A People's History of Strategic Resettlement and Violent Transformation, Kenya and Algeria 1952\u20131962. PhD diss, Bern, University of Bern, 2016."},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref23","volume-title":"A Diplomacia do Imp\u00e9rio. 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Portuguese Counterinsurgency Campaigning in Africa 1961\u20131974. PhD diss., University of London, 1996."},{"key":"S0165115320000054_ref11","volume-title":"Brigadas de Promo\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Rural","year":"1971"}],"container-title":["Itinerario"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0165115320000054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T11:11:40Z","timestamp":1588245100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0165115320000054\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165115320000054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0165115320000054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1153","2041-2827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1153","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-2827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}}}