{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:31:41Z","timestamp":1759411901010},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470268800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Portugal, the recommended age for the second dose of MMR (MMR2) was changed from 10\u201313 years to 5\u20136 years for those born in 1994 and afterwards. This study aimed to assess if MMR schedule and time elapsed from the last dose are associated with the concentration of rubella and mumps IgG antibodies. Three Portuguese birth cohorts (convenience samples) were selected for this study (66, 59 and 41 participants born respectively in 1990\u20131993, 1994\u20131995 and 2001\u20132003). Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) for mumps IgG were respectively 36, 30 and 38 RU\/ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7236) and for rubella IgG were 18, 20 and 17 IU\/ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7641). For both specific antibodies, no differences were observed with time since MMR2. Receiving MMR2 at 5\u20136 or 10\u201313 years was not associated with concentration of both antibodies. The GMC of rubella IgG was lower in males (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7029). Taking into account previous evidence and the logistics needed to change vaccination schedules, it seems reasonable that sustaining very high coverage with two doses of MMR is currently the most pragmatic way to control mumps and rubella rather than any changes to the schedule.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268816001655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T02:33:48Z","timestamp":1470278028000},"page":"3139-3147","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistence of rubella and mumps antibodies, following changes in the recommended age for the second dose of MMR vaccine in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"GON\u00c7ALVES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"FRADE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. S. J.","family":"NASCIMENTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"MESQUITA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"NUNES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.7.739"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.043"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref21","unstructured":"Portuguese Health Ministry. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade. National Plan for Measles Elimination (Guidelines Number: 006\/2013 Date: 02\/04\/2013) (http:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/documentos-e-publicacoes\/programa-nacional-de-eliminacao-do-sarampo.aspx). Accessed March 2015."},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.062"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref20","unstructured":"Portuguese Health Ministry. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade. Statutory notifications of infectious diseases 2009\u20132012, Volume I (http:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/estatisticas-de-saude\/estatisticas-de-saude\/publicacoes\/doencas-de-declaracao-obrigatoria-2009-2012-volume-i.aspx). Accessed March 2015."},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref8","first-page":"45","article-title":"The virtual elimination of rubella and mumps from the United States and the use of combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccines (MMR) to eliminate measles","volume":"65","author":"Bart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Developments in Biological Standardization"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605410"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref11","volume-title":"WHO immunological basis for immunization series","author":"Moss","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.03.12.00101-en","article-title":"Outbreak of mumps associated with poor vaccine efficacy \u2013 Oporto, Portugal, 1996","volume":"3","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref3","first-page":"264","article-title":"Economic analyses of rubella and rubella vaccines: a global review","volume":"80","author":"Hinman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref5","first-page":"49","article-title":"Mumps virus vaccines. WHO position paper","volume":"82","year":"2007","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.07.008"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref6","first-page":"362","article-title":"A benefit-cost analysis of mumps vaccine","volume":"136","author":"Koplan","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042867"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596207"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref1","volume-title":"WHO immunological basis for immunization series","author":"Best","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref18","first-page":"319","article-title":"Congenital rubella. Still with us [in Portuguese]","volume":"8","author":"Saldanha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta M\u00e9dica Portuguesa"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.08.057"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu014"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref10","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Vaccine schedule. Recommended immunisations for measles. Stockholm: ECDC, 2005 (http:\/\/vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu\/Pages\/Scheduler.aspx). Accessed October 2015."},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.031"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.05.00539-en","article-title":"High vaccine coverage in the north of Portugal. A strategy to assess and increase coverage","volume":"10","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.7.10.1493"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528993"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref4","volume-title":"WHO immunological basis for immunization series","author":"Mclean","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0950268816001655_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.814847"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268816001655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T17:33:07Z","timestamp":1555608787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268816001655\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268816001655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268816001655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}