{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:29:49Z","timestamp":1775510989960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]],"date-time":"2006-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1580,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Zoology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Mediterranean environments browse is expected to be a major component of the diet of red deer <jats:italic>Cervus elaphus<\/jats:italic> during the summer when most grasses senesce. In this study the hypothesis is tested that, if browse is an essential food resource at this time, the sex with the larger body size may have a greater physical ability to reach the tree canopy and include a higher proportion of browse in its diet. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and composition of the diet of a population of red deer males and females were measured between July and September, in 1996 and 1997, in an area of Portugal with a Mediterranean type of climate, using the n\u2010alkane technique. Direct observations of animals browsing on tree canopies and shrubs were made also during the same period. The OMD of the diet was significantly different between sexes and between years and was higher in males than females both in 1996 (means \u00b1<jats:sc>sem<\/jats:sc> for males and females, 0.65 and 0.58 \u00b1 0.026, respectively) and 1997 (means for males and females, 0.59 and 0.48 \u00b1 0.045, respectively). The proportion of cork oak <jats:italic>Quercus suber<\/jats:italic> in the diet was also significantly different between sexes and between years, with males having a higher proportion of cork oak in their diets in 1996 (males and females, 0.30 and 0.16 \u00b1 0.037, respectively) and 1997 (males and females, 0.41 and 0.23 \u00b1 0.064, respectively). A significantly lower proportion of the herbage layer was found in the diet of males in 1996 (males and females, 0.46 and 0.64 \u00b1 0.048) but not in 1997. The number of observations of males browsing on tree canopies was significantly higher than females. It is concluded that there are differences between sexes in the composition and quality of the diet and that a larger body size may confer advantages in situations where browse is an essential food resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952836901001376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:16:36Z","timestamp":1027775796000},"page":"285-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The foraging ecology of red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus<\/i>) in a Mediterranean environment: is a larger body size advantageous?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"M. N.","family":"Bugalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Racey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bugalho M.N.(1999).The foraging behaviour of red deer in a Mediterranean environment.PhD thesis Aberdeen :University of Aberdeen."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"216","volume-title":"Advances in deer biology","author":"Bugalho M. N.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, San Antonio, Texas","author":"Bugalho M. N.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The red deer in the Sierra Morena","author":"Carranza J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Red deer in the highlands","author":"Clutton\u2010Brock T. H.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Red deer: behaviour and ecology of two sexes","author":"Clutton\u2010Brock T. H.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"632","article-title":"The functional significance of variation in body size among mammals","volume":"7","author":"Clutton\u2010Brock T. H.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Special Publ. of the Am. Soc. of Mamm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9951535"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.1990.tb01136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Sexual segregation in kudu: sex differences in competitive ability, predation risk or nutritional needs","volume":"25","author":"Toit J. T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"S Afr. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour and ecology","author":"Geist V.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2403649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1995.59.2.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"East African Monographs in Biology","author":"Hofmann R. R.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Browse in Africa","author":"Le Hou\u00e9rou H. N.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600066910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19910013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"The influence of sexual dimorphism in body size and mouth morphology on diet selection and sexual segregation in cervids","volume":"46","author":"Per\u00e9z\u2010Barber\u00eda F. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Introduccion al estudio y valora\u2010cion de recursos forestales y arbustivos para el ciervo, en el area ecologica de Sierra Morena: estudio de la dieta del ciervo","volume":"27","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Berrocal J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Zootech"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Aprovechamiento de recursos alimenticios naturales:valoracion nutritiva de algunas especies vegetates del climax mediterraneo en biotopos de sierra Morena","volume":"36","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Berrocal J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch, de Zootech."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"359","volume-title":"The ecology and management of grazing systems","author":"Seligman N. G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2402991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(96)00244-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1017%2FS0952836901001376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1017\/S0952836901001376","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1017\/S0952836901001376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T14:26:34Z","timestamp":1700403994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1017\/S0952836901001376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1017\/S0952836901001376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952836901001376","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8369","1469-7998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-8369","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-02-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}