{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:40:59Z","timestamp":1776973259796,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]],"date-time":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452643200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Contemporary European History"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article explores the activities of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Spain during the transition to democracy. It describes the financial, logistical and training support with which this German Foundation contributed to the unexpected rebirth of the Spanish Socialist Party after Franco and its meteoric emergence as the leading left-wing party. It also assesses its cooperation with the Socialist trade union, which moved from irrelevance to a position of importance greater than the powerful Communist union. Finally, the article examines how the Foundation diversified its activities in order to meet the growing needs of and challenges faced by the Spanish Socialists in their path towards power.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s096077731500051x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T00:43:15Z","timestamp":1452732195000},"page":"143-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the Spanish Socialists during the Transition to Democracy, 1975\u20131982"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"MU\u00d1OZ S\u00c1NCHEZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib053","volume-title":"Los sindicatos y la reconversi\u00f3n industrial durante la Transici\u00f3n","author":"Mar\u00edn Arce","year":"1997"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib052","volume-title":"Exilio y clandestinidad. La reconstrucci\u00f3n de UGT, 1939\u20131977","author":"Mateos","year":"2002"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib051","volume-title":"La CNT durante el franquismo. Clandestinidad y exilio, 1939\u20131975","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2004"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib048","volume-title":"Alianza Popular: estructura y evoluci\u00f3n electoral de un partido conservador, 1976\u20131982","author":"Nieto","year":"1988"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780333983362"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib045","volume-title":"Socialismo es libertad. Escuela de Verano del PSOE 1976","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1976"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib044","volume-title":"Historia de la UGT. La reconstrucci\u00f3n del sindicalismo en democracia, 1976\u20131994","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2010"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib041","volume-title":"Aquellos a\u00f1os","author":"Feo","year":"1993"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib040","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez. El hombre y el pol\u00edtico","author":"Palomares","year":"2005"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib039","first-page":"401","volume-title":"Wir sind auf dem richtigen Weg. Willy Brandt und die europ\u00e4ische Einigung","author":"Rother","year":"2010"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib035","volume-title":"The Spanish Socialist Party: a History of Factionalism","author":"Gillespie","year":"1989"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib033","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Democrazie. L\u00b4Europa meridionale e la fine delle dittature","author":"Del Pero","year":"2010"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib053a","volume-title":"Remaking Madrid. Culture, Politics and Identity after Franco","author":"Stapell","year":"2010"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib032","volume-title":"Carlucci vs. Kissinger. Os EUA e a revolu\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa","author":"Gomes","year":"2008"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib029","volume-title":"Transnationale Parteienzusammenarbeit. Die Beziehungen der deutschen und portugiesischen Christlichen Demokraten von der Nelkenrevolution bis zum Vertrag von Maastrich","author":"Stenger","year":"2011"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib028","volume-title":"Contos proibidos. Mem\u00f3rias de um PS desconhecido","author":"Mateus","year":"1996"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib027","volume-title":"La CIA en Espa\u00f1a. Espionaje, intrigas y pol\u00edticas al servicio de Washington","author":"Grimaldos","year":"2007"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib026","volume-title":"Cuando el tiempo nos alcanza. Memorias, 1940\u20131982","author":"Guerra","year":"2004"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib021","volume-title":"L\u00b4intervention des organisations partisanes transnationales dans le processus de d\u00e9mocratisation espagnol","author":"Letamendia","year":"1979"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib018","first-page":"29","article-title":"Die parteinahen Stiftungen als Akteure und Instrumente der deutschen Aussenpolitik","volume":"6\u20137","author":"Pogorelskaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib017","first-page":"165","article-title":"Mediatoren in einer entgrenzten Welt: zur aussenpolitischen Rolle der politischen Stiftungen","volume":"2","author":"Hillebrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14682745.2014.932349"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib015","volume-title":"Internacionalismo en la historia reciente de la UGT, 1971\u20131986","author":"Mohedano","year":"2011"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib014","volume-title":"El amigo alem\u00e1n. El SPD y el PSOE de la dictadura a la democracia","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib013","volume-title":"European Socialists and Spain. The Transition to Democracy, 1959\u201377","author":"Anaya","year":"2002"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib012","volume-title":"La denuncia del Sindicato Vertical. Las relaciones entre Espa\u00f1a y la Organizaci\u00f3n Internacional del Trabajo, 1969\u20131975","author":"Mart\u00ednez Quinteiro","year":"1997"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib011","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Beyond the Customs Union: The European Community\u00b4s Quest for Deepening, Widening and Completion, 1969\u20131975","author":"Guirao","year":"2007"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib008","volume-title":"Espa\u00f1a y Portugal. Los caminos de la democracia en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica","author":"Redondo","year":"2009"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib007","volume-title":"La revoluci\u00f3n portuguesa y su influencia en la transici\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola, 1961\u20131976","author":"Cervell\u00f3","year":"1995"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib005","volume-title":"Los or\u00edgenes de la integraci\u00f3n de Espa\u00f1a en Europa","author":"Cavallaro","year":"2009"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781403932679"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib003","volume-title":"Franquismo y construcci\u00f3n europea, 1951\u20131962. Anhelo, necesidad y realidad de la aproximaci\u00f3n a Europa","author":"Moreno Juste","year":"1998"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib042","volume-title":"A Hist\u00f3ria do PCP na Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o dos Cravos","author":"Varela","year":"2011"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib038","volume-title":"Fuera de las catacumbas. La pol\u00edtica del PCE y el movimiento obrero","author":"Treglia","year":"2012"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib002","first-page":"285","volume-title":"The International Dimensions of Democratization. Europe and the Americas","author":"Powell","year":"1996"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib001","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Comparative Perspectives","author":"O\u00b4Donnell","year":"1986"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib046","volume-title":"El Capital: conceptos fundamentales","author":"Harnecker","year":"1974"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib049","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Historia de la Transici\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a. Los inicios del proceso democratizador","author":"Mateos","year":"2007"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1387\/hc.19652","volume-title":"El PSOE contra Franco. Continuidad y renovaci\u00f3n del socialismo espa\u00f1ol, 1953\u20131974","author":"Mateos","year":"1993"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib009","volume-title":"El amigo americano, Espa\u00f1a y Estados Unidos: de la dictadura a la democracia","author":"Powell","year":"2011"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib030","volume-title":"Tiempo de incertidumbre. Carlos Arias Navarro entre el franquismo y la Transici\u00f3n, 1973\u20131976","author":"Tusell","year":"2003"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib020","volume-title":"Das sozialdemokratische Jahrzehnt. Von der Reformeuphorie zur neuen Un\u00fcbersichlichkeit. Die SPD 1969\u20131982","author":"Faulenbach","year":"2011"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib043","volume-title":"A UGT na hist\u00f3ria do movimento sindical portugu\u00eas, 1970\u201390","author":"de Brito","year":"2013"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib019","volume-title":"Vom m\u00fchsamen Gesch\u00e4ft der Demokratief\u00f6rderung. Die internationale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung","author":"Adam","year":"2012"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib006","volume-title":"En Hamelin. La Transici\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la Frontera","author":"Lemus","year":"2001"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib031","volume-title":"El mito de la Transici\u00f3n. La crisis del franquismo y los or\u00edgenes de la democracia","author":"Gallego","year":"2008"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib050","volume-title":"Historia de Comisiones Obreras, 1958\u20131988","author":"Ruiz","year":"1993"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib036","volume-title":"Los socialistas en la pol\u00edtica espa\u00f1ola, 1879\u20131982","author":"Juli\u00e1","year":"1997"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib022","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Die internationale Arbeit der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Von den Anf\u00e4ngen bis zum Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts","author":"von zur M\u00fchlen","year":"2007"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib025","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Nach dem Wirtschaftswunder. Der Gewerkschafter, Politiker und Unternehmer Hans Matth\u00f6fer","author":"Abelshauser","year":"2009"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2621218"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib023","volume-title":"O PS e a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para a democracia. Rela\u00e7\u00f5es com os partidos socialistas europeus","author":"Sablosky","year":"2000"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib010","volume-title":"Claves internacionales en la transici\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2010"},{"key":"S096077731500051X_bib034","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Europe in the International Arena During the 1970s: Entering a Different World","author":"Mu\u00f1oz S\u00e1nchez","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Contemporary European History"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S096077731500051X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T03:50:05Z","timestamp":1748749805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S096077731500051X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S096077731500051X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s096077731500051x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7773","1469-2171"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7773","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-2171","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}