{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T10:07:38Z","timestamp":1748340458104},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article focuses on the relationship between political parties and interest groups in contemporary democracies. Although this is a key topic for assessing the evolution of representative political systems and the quality of democracies, the theoretical and empirical studies have not developed a cumulative body of knowledge. As well as the lack of an integrated perspective, we argue that the literature on this topic has remained conceptually fuzzy and has failed to elaborate a common approach to examine how parties and interest organisations interact. Although some researchers point to a weakening of relations between parties and interest groups, the most current data point not to disappearance but to a change in the way both political actors interact. This article contributes to updating the research on the topic and also sheds light on why the literature has remained segmented. The study shows that the variety of conceptualisations, approaches and typologies has led to incongruent \u2013 and often non-comparable \u2013 results. The final section identifies a number of research gaps and suggest new topics and approaches that can unify this object of study in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1062798720001003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T11:47:16Z","timestamp":1593690436000},"page":"58-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Standing Alone? Towards a More Unified View of Party\u2013Group Relations in Contemporary Democracies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Lisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref11","first-page":"526","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies","author":"Binderkrantz","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref43","article-title":"Party\u2013group relations in new Southern European democracies in the crisis era","author":"Lisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterranean Politics"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2007.00706.x"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811422643"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511606854"},{"volume-title":"The Confederation of British Industry","year":"1977","author":"Grant","key":"S1062798720001003_ref31"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068814568046"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41309-017-0012-2"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2586303"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref5","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Organizing Political Parties Representation, Participation, and Power","author":"Allern","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068895001001001"},{"volume-title":"European and American Extreme Right Groups and the Internet","year":"2013","author":"Caiani","key":"S1062798720001003_ref15"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/pol.2010.7"},{"volume-title":"In Left-of-Centre Parties and Trade Unions in the Twenty-First Century","year":"2017","author":"Witko","key":"S1062798720001003_ref78"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13608746.2012.757450"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351065221-8"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/iga.2014.9"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402382.2016.1184862"},{"volume-title":"An Economic Theory of Democracy","year":"1957","author":"Downs","key":"S1062798720001003_ref24"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13608746.2013.764066"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref49","unstructured":"Mavrogordatos, GT (2009) Models of party-interest group relations and the uniqueness of the Greek case. ECPR Joint Sessions Workshop \u2018Political Parties and Civil Society\u2019, Lisbon, Portugal, 14\u201319 April 2009. Available at https:\/\/ecpr.eu\/Filestore\/PaperProposal\/19602ada-1982-44c5-a29c-8c4083b7432f.pdf (accessed 20 May 2019)."},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811422648"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9248.2005.00552.x"},{"volume-title":"Non-Party Actors in Electoral Politics. The Role of Interest Groups and Independent Citizens in Contemporary Election Campaigns","year":"2008","author":"Binderkrantz","key":"S1062798720001003_ref10"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spsr.12224"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref42","unstructured":"Klitgaard, MB , Binderkrantz, AS and Pedersen, HH (2014) The new logic of exchange between political parties and interest groups. In Annual Meeting of Danish Political Science Association, Vejle, October 2014."},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0143814X07000591"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608047.n34"},{"volume-title":"Joining Political Organizations","year":"2009","author":"Morales","key":"S1062798720001003_ref51"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068801007006001"},{"volume-title":"Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies","year":"2000","author":"Dalton","key":"S1062798720001003_ref23"},{"volume-title":"Los Grupos de Inter\u00e9s En Espa\u00f1a","year":"2016","author":"Molins","key":"S1062798720001003_ref50"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199253227.003.0003","volume-title":"Political Parties in the New Europe: Political and Analytical Challenges","author":"Poguntke","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref22","unstructured":"Courty, G and Gervais, J (2012) Le Lobbying \u00c9lectoral, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion."},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781588261885","volume-title":"Political Parties and Interest Groups: Shaping Democratic Governance","author":"Thomas","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600600976989"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457289.2010.490720"},{"volume-title":"Parliaments and Pressure Groups","year":"1999","author":"Norton","key":"S1062798720001003_ref53"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref67","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage Revisited","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608047.n24"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref34","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Interest Group Politics","author":"Heaney","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2012.02069.x"},{"volume-title":"Groupes d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et Pouvoir Politique","year":"2015","author":"Mach","key":"S1062798720001003_ref46"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123415000599"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000271624825900104"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pa\/gsv040"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199586011.001.0001"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811422644"},{"volume-title":"From Mobilization to Revolution","year":"1978","author":"Tilly","key":"S1062798720001003_ref71"},{"volume-title":"Political Parties and Democracy","year":"2001","author":"Gunther","key":"S1062798720001003_ref32"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199542628.003.0030","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups","author":"Heaney","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/iga.2015.9"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811422639"},{"volume-title":"Al bivio. Lavoro, sindicato e rappresentanza nell\u2019Italia di oggi","year":"2016","author":"Carrieri","key":"S1062798720001003_ref17"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gov.2014.35"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref80","article-title":"The contingent character of interest groups\u2013political parties\u2019 interaction","author":"Chaqu\u00e9s-Bonafont","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Public Policy"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068813519969"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.00508"},{"volume-title":"The Politics of Democratic Consolidation","year":"1995","author":"Schmitter","key":"S1062798720001003_ref63"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402380701834994"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13608746.2012.758447"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402389508425060"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.12845"},{"volume-title":"Political Parties: Their Organisation and Activity in the Modern State","year":"1954","author":"Duverger","key":"S1062798720001003_ref26"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400823680"},{"volume-title":"Political Parties and Interest Groups in Norway","year":"2010","author":"Allern","key":"S1062798720001003_ref1"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2011.01995.x"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23248823.2014.964051"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811422636"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198790471.001.0001"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198758587.001.0001"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0198280823.001.0001"},{"volume-title":"The Rise and Decline of Nations","year":"1982","author":"Olson","key":"S1062798720001003_ref54"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref68","first-page":"335","volume-title":"International Handbook of Trade Unions","author":"Streeck","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811422646"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/700726"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402380802372688"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/9783845206639-67"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1478929916644868"},{"key":"S1062798720001003_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13608746.2012.757455"}],"container-title":["European Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1062798720001003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T02:25:08Z","timestamp":1723170308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1062798720001003\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1062798720001003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1062798720001003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-7987","1474-0575"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1062-7987"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1474-0575"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]}}}