{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:25:51Z","timestamp":1768004751956,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305676800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1081,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims<\/jats:bold> \u2013 To assess the validity and reliability of the GHQ-12 in Portugal. <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold> \u2013 Using a standard \u2018forwardbackward\u2019 translation procedure, the English language version of the questionnaire was translated into Portuguese. To test reliability the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was performed using convergent validity. Finally, the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing principal component analysis using varimax rotation. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> \u2013 In all 790 undergraduates entered into the study. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.91). Convergent validity indicated a significant negative correlation between the GHQ-12 and social support scores as expected (r = -0.54, P &lt; 0.001). The principal component analysis showed that the GHQ-12 was a measure with two-factor structure. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold> \u2013 The Portuguese version of the GHQ-12 has a good structural characteristic for measuring psychological well being.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Declaration of Interest<\/jats:bold>: None.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1121189x00002840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T19:38:19Z","timestamp":1556653099000},"page":"148-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["General Health Questionnaire-12 items: adaptation study to the Portuguese population"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Carlos Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2003.01133.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2001.00897.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00805437","article-title":"General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12, GHQ- 28): psychometric properties and factor structure of the scales in a Turkish primary care sample","volume":"32","author":"Killic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006874"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004242"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref009","volume-title":"A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2003.01208.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2001.89.1.85"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2003.01135.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-450660-2.50016-1"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00869.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10898.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref007","volume-title":"General Health Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002287"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050272"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-66"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref016","first-page":"83","article-title":"Escala Instrumental e Expressiva do Suporte Social (Instrumental and Expressive Social Support Scale)","volume":"16","author":"Paix\u00e3o","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychologica"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01620.x"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004436"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref015","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5707.439"},{"key":"S1121189X00002840_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00801742"}],"container-title":["Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1121189X00002840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T19:39:00Z","timestamp":1556653140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1121189X00002840\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1121189X00002840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1121189x00002840","relation":{},"ISSN":["1121-189X","2038-1816"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1121-189X","type":"print"},{"value":"2038-1816","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}