{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T14:20:08Z","timestamp":1778163608897,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]],"date-time":"2006-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":942,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Conservation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the conservation of endangered species often implies the definition of priority areas for conservation, detailed information on their distribution patterns is seldom available over a large geographic range. The present paper explores the performance of an alternative data analysis approach, artificial neural networks, for assessing distribution patterns of endangered mammals when data are scarce and noisy. This approach was applied to identify wolf occupancy in Portugal based on information on wolf depredation and inquiries. Artificial neural networks were able to discriminate successfully between areas sporadically used by vagrant individuals and areas occupied by resident wolves, with a low estimated prediction error (around 1%). Only 33% of the wolf range is regularly occupied, being fragmented in five nuclei. These nuclei are surrounded by more disturbed marginal areas, with a source\u2010sink dynamic between nucleus and marginal areas. Selection of priority areas for wolf conservation in the context of the Natura 2000 Network increased twofold the proportion of wolf regular range within protected areas. The good performance of artificial neural networks in assessing wolf distribution patterns suggests that this approach may be applied to other species where detailed records of distribution are limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1367943003003275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,2]],"date-time":"2003-09-02T10:33:43Z","timestamp":1062498823000},"page":"221-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Using artificial neural networks to assess wolf distribution patterns in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bessa\u2010Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Petrucci\u2010Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Aspectos da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e ecologia do lobo no Noroeste de Portugal: o caso do Parque Nacional da PenedaGer\u00eas","author":"\u00c1lvares F.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Analysis and prediction of the fluctuation of sardine abundance using a neural network","volume":"20","author":"Aoki I.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oceanol. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00028502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o do lobo em Portugal: caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o da estrutura espacial da popula\u00e7nao no primeiro quinqu\u00e9nio da d\u00e9cada de 90 e an\u00e1lise da adequa\u00e7\u00e3o do habitat","author":"Bessa\u2010Gomes C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Ecolog\u00eda, censos, percepci\u00f3n y evoloci\u00f3n del lobo en Espa\u00f1a: an\u00e1lisis de un conflicto","author":"Blanco J. C.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"El lobo (Canis lupus) en Espa\u00f1a: situaci\u00f3n, problematica y apontes sur su ecologia","author":"Blanco J. C.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(92)91157-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(01)00425-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps140251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(99)00110-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o populacional e biologia alimentar do lobo na \u00e1rea de influ\u00eancia do Parque natural do Alv\u00e3o","author":"Carreira R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1999.97269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226821177.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Survey of the status and distribution of the wildcat in Scotland, 1983\u20131987","author":"Easterbee N.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of neural networks","author":"Fausett L.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(97)00135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"879","article-title":"Modeling disjunct gray wolf populations in semi\u2010wild landscapes","volume":"12","author":"Haight R. G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Anu\u00e1rio estat\u00edstico da regi\u00e3o centro","author":"INE","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Anu\u00e1rio estat\u00edstico da regi\u00e3o norte","author":"INE","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Census 1992","author":"INE","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(99)00112-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3400060103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF9951229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(95)00142-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(99)00092-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(01)00292-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.1999.00440.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(99)00113-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2427.1997.00209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Wolf distribution and road density in Minnesota","volume":"16","author":"Mech L. D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo da ecologia do lobo (Canis lupus signatus Cabrera, 1907) no Parque Natural de Montesinho","author":"Moreira L. M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(02)00064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(96)01913-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"O lobo ib\u00e9rico (Canis lupus signatus Cabrera, 1907) em Portugal","author":"Petrucci\u2010Fonseca F.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(01)00316-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(96)00049-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01990.x","article-title":"Neural networks and related methods for classification","volume":"56","author":"Ripley B. D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. (B)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(92)91115-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps139289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(01)00294-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(99)00103-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00356.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Livro vermelho dos vertebrados terrestres de Portugal. Vol. I Mam\u00edferos, aves, r\u00e9pteis e anf\u00edbios","author":"SNPRCN","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity","author":"Soul\u00e9 M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.1999.00400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Stahl P.(1998).Evolution recente de la repartition du chat sauvage en France. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 du protocole ?enqu\u00eate.CNERA Predateurs. ONC. Mus\u00e9um ?Histoire Naturelle."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943002002147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2001.00581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(99)00114-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2819-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018348204573"}],"container-title":["Animal Conservation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1017%2FS1367943003003275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1017\/S1367943003003275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T16:29:01Z","timestamp":1734107341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1017\/S1367943003003275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1017\/S1367943003003275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1367943003003275","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-9430","1469-1795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-9430","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-02-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}