{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:32:53Z","timestamp":1773768773016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000559_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Locale-specific data on BMI and overweight\/obesity are necessary to understand how the obesity epidemic is evolving in each setting. We aimed to describe the temporal trends of mean BMI and prevalences of overweight\/obesity in studies that evaluated Portuguese adults and older people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000559_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review, conducted via a PubMed search up to January 2011 and independent reference screening and data extraction. Twenty-one eligible studies were identified. Data were extracted from the published reports and obtained from the authors of seven of the largest studies. Adjusted ecological estimates of mean BMI and prevalences of overweight\/obesity were computed by linear regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000559_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1995 and 2005, when using data obtained from anthropometric measurements, overweight prevalence increased by 3\u00b72 % and 3\u00b75 % and obesity prevalence by 7\u00b74 % and 1\u00b73 % among women and men, respectively, while mean BMI did not vary meaningfully. When using self-reported information, mean BMI increased by 0\u00b78 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>and 0\u00b79 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, overweight prevalence by 3\u00b75 % and 3\u00b77 % and obesity prevalence by 5\u00b78 % and 5\u00b75 % among women and men, respectively. Results from the 20-year-old conscripts (1960\u20132000) showed a marked increase in these outcomes in the last decades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000559_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show an important increase in overweight\/obesity in younger ages. The trends in the indicators derived from self-reported data suggest an increase in awareness of the importance of overweight\/obesity among the population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980012000559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T13:28:10Z","timestamp":1330435690000},"page":"972-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Trends of BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portugal (1995\u20132005): a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Carreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.189702"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref44","unstructured":"44. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade (2005) Circular Normativa N\u00b003\/DGCG. 17\/03\/05. Programa Nacional de Combate \u00e0 Obesidade. http:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/upload\/membro.id\/ficheiros\/i008253.pdf (accessed December 2011)."},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.285"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref41","volume-title":"Obesidade. Muito peso, v\u00e1rias medidas","author":"Moreira","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref40","first-page":"552","article-title":"Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association","volume":"281","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-87"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810378917"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-007-0681-8"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041500"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2009.04.005"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00745.x"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref30","first-page":"331","article-title":"Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Portuguese population aged 40 and over: the FAMA study","volume":"29","author":"Bonhorst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.12.1277"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref23","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in anthropometric characteristics of elderly Europeans. SENECA Investigators","volume":"50","author":"de Groot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref21","first-page":"28","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia da obesidade em jovens portugueses do sexo masculino","volume":"1","author":"Baptista","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinologia Metabolismo and Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(03)00139-2"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011611"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6644.319"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.05.023"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref25","first-page":"371","article-title":"Study of the effects of dietary fish intake on serum lipids and lipoproteins in two populations with different dietary habits","volume":"83","author":"Torres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref24","first-page":"693","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a rural population between 25 and 44 years old","volume":"19","author":"Simoes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref12","unstructured":"12. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica (1997) Inqu\u00e9rito Nacional de Sa\u00fade 1995\u20131996. Lisboa: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade \u2013 Departamento de Estudos e Planeamento da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2006.00243.x"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0975-x"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.01.006"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11403-6"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833189b8"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref26","first-page":"205","article-title":"Secular trends of weight in Portugal at the end of the 20th century","volume":"17","author":"Nobre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-8-15"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20680"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932009990629"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref10","unstructured":"10. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica (2000) Inqu\u00e9rito Nacional de Sa\u00fade 1998\u20131999. Lisboa: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade \u2013 Departamento de Estudos e Planeamento da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007411710094"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62037-5"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.13.1581"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref5","volume-title":"Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7282.326"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref22","unstructured":"22. Martins M , Rodrigues MO , Almeida MC et al. (1993) Os resultados dos exames laboratoriais nos inqu\u00e9ritos CINDI n\u00b0. 1 (1987) e n\u00b0. 2 (1993). Arquivos INSA 19, 33\u201360."},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref11","unstructured":"11. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr Ricardo Jorge (2009) Inqu\u00e9rito Nacional de Sa\u00fade 2005\u20132006. Lisboa: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade \u2013 Departamento de Estudos e Planeamento da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg116"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1720"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00422.x","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in Portugal: national prevalence in 2003\u20132005","volume":"9","author":"do Carmo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref1","volume-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref7","unstructured":"7. World Health Organization (2011) Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet no. 311. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs311\/en\/index.html (accessed July 2011)."},{"key":"S1368980012000559_ref17","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Portugal. The PAP study","volume":"26","author":"de Macedo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980012000559","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T20:53:49Z","timestamp":1713646429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980012000559\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980012000559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980012000559","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]]}}}