{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T11:40:50Z","timestamp":1770550850816,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018001994_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main aim of the present study was to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) and academic performance in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018001994_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>School-based cross-sectional study. The DII was calculated based on dietary information obtained from a single 24h dietary recall. Academic performance was assessed by school records provided by the administrative services (i.e. Maths and Language).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018001994_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porto area (Portugal).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018001994_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 524 children (277 girls) aged 11\u00b756 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> 0\u00b786) years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018001994_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DII was associated with academic indicators (standardized <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> values ranging from \u22120\u00b7121 to \u22120\u00b7087; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705). Significant differences were found between quartiles of the DII (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705); children in the fourth quartile had significantly lower scores in all academic indicators compared with children in the first quartile (score differences ranging from \u22120\u00b7377 to \u22120\u00b7292) after adjustment for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018001994_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inflammatory potential of diet may negatively influence academic performance. Children should avoid the consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet and adhere to a more anti-inflammatory diet to achieve academic benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980018001994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T09:56:47Z","timestamp":1533722207000},"page":"3253-3257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dietary inflammatory index and academic performance in children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Esteban-Cornejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia N","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1211-3"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.4.992"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref12","first-page":"108","article-title":"Association between inflammatory potential of diet and stress levels in adolescent women in Iran","volume":"20","author":"Shivappa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514004401"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-12"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.068213"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0927-9"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0967-1"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref20","first-page":"46","article-title":"What and how much do we eat? 24-hour dietary recall method","volume":"31","author":"Salvador Castell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511005460"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612053381684"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002115"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.116"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-017-0013-x"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7064124"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003804"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.03985.x"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600707"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29673"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000213"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.158"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.04.004"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12221"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451500104X"},{"key":"S1368980018001994_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2013.11.001"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980018001994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T22:23:22Z","timestamp":1555107802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980018001994\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980018001994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980018001994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Authors 2018\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}