{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:43:16Z","timestamp":1762324996407,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021001543_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the longitudinal association between parental BMI and offspring\u2019s BMI, in EPACI Portugal 2012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021001543_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal study with retrospective collection of children\u2019s anthropometry data since birth. Children\u2019s anthropometric data were gathered from individual child health bulletins, and parents\u2019 anthropometrics were self-reported. Children\u2019s and parents\u2019 BMI were classified according to WHO cut-offs. Linear mixed models with random intercept and slope for age were applied to quantify the association between parental BMI and children BMI<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score (zBMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021001543_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>EPACI Portugal 2012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021001543_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Representative sample from the Portuguese population (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>2230) aged from 12 to 36 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021001543_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>58\u00b79 % of the fathers and 35\u00b76 % of the mothers were overweight (OW) or obese. Prevalence of infants who were, at least, at risk of OW increased from 17\u00b70 % to 30\u00b73 % since birth to 12 months. About half of the mothers with pre-pregnancy OW and obesity (OB) gained gestational weight above the recommendations. The children from mothers with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the recommendations showed a \u22120\u00b715<jats:sc>SD<\/jats:sc>lower zBMI (95 % CI \u22120\u00b723, \u22120\u00b706) in early life, comparing with mothers within GWG recommendations. Children of obese mothers were more likely to present a higher zBMI (0\u00b724<jats:sc>SD<\/jats:sc>, 95 % CI 0\u00b713, 0\u00b735) throughout the first months of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021001543_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of OW and OB was observed in Portuguese young adults and toddlers. Mothers\u2019 pre-pregnancy BMI and insufficient GWG had a direct effect on offspring BMI. Early effective interventions are needed in order to prevent the transgenerational transmission of OB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980021001543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T13:23:17Z","timestamp":1618233797000},"page":"2798-2807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between parental and offspring BMI: results from EPACI Portugal 2012"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Nazareth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"R\u00eago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980021001543_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws134"},{"key":"S1368980021001543_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6083169"},{"volume-title":"Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: COSI Portugal 2016","year":"2017","author":"Rito","key":"S1368980021001543_ref6"},{"key":"S1368980021001543_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101751"},{"volume-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. 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