{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:09:55Z","timestamp":1767211795456,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003876_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to characterise the availability, the nutritional composition and the processing degree of industrial foods for 0\u201336-month-old children according to the neighbourhoods affluence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003876_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional exploratory study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003876_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All food products available in retail stores for children aged 0\u201336 months were analysed. Data collection took place in two neighbourhoods, comparing two different sociodemographic districts (high<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>low per capita income), Campanh\u00e3 and Foz do Douro in Porto, Portugal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003876_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 431 commercially processed food products for children aged 0\u201336 months which are sold in 23 retail stores were identified. Food products were classified according to their processing degree using the NOVA Food Classification System.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003876_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>For NOVA analysis, of the 244 food products that were included 82 (33\u00b76 %) were minimally processed, 25 (10\u00b72 %) processed and 137 (56\u00b71 %) ultra processed. No food product was classified as a culinary ingredient. The products included mostly cereals, yogurts, prevailed in high-income neighbourhoods for the 0\u20136-month-old group. It was observed that some categories of ultra-processed food (UPF) presented higher amounts of energy, sugars, saturated fat and salt than unprocessed\/minimally processed products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003876_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high availability of UPF offered for 0\u201336-month-old children should be considered when designing interventions to promote a healthy diet in infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980021003876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T10:30:14Z","timestamp":1631097014000},"page":"5977-5984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Degree of processing and nutritional value of children\u2019s food products"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia Regina Barbosa de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Danielly da S","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanda Freitas de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas Lan\u00e7a de","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref28","unstructured":"28. Lopes, C , Torres, D , Oliveira, A et al. (2017) National Food and Physical Activity Survey IAN-AF 2015\u20132016: Results Report, University of Porto. www.ian-af.up.pt (accessed January 2020)."},{"volume-title":"Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children","year":"2015","key":"S1368980021003876_ref30"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2020054001752"},{"volume-title":"Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Advisory Report to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services","year":"2020","key":"S1368980021003876_ref19"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029544"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.160440","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods in human health: a critical appraisal","volume":"106","author":"Gibney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref7","unstructured":"7. 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European Union (2018) EU Platform for Action on Diet, Physical Activity and Health on Food Reformulation. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/sites\/default\/files\/nutrition_physical_activity\/docs\/2018_foodreformulation_call_en.pdf (accessed January 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1451"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000304464.60788.bd"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref4","unstructured":"4. World Health Organization (2019) WHO\/Europe Studies Find Baby Foods are High in Sugar and Inappropriately Marketed for Babies. http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/media-centre\/sections\/press-releases\/2019\/whoeurope-studies-find-baby-foods-are-high-in-sugar-and-inappropriately-marketed-for-babies (accessed October 2019)."},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001555"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020473"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191982"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"NOVA. The star shines bright","volume":"7","author":"Monteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref27","unstructured":"27. World Health Organization (2019) Commercial Foods for Infants and Young Children in the WHO European Region. http:www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/diseaseprevention\/nutrition\/publications\/2019\/improving-the-nutritional-quality-of-commercial-foods-for-infants-and-young-children-in-the-who-european-region-2019 (accessed January 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002688"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2289"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001454"},{"volume-title":"Technical Report of the Baby Food Application Project Aiming to Prepare and Conduct a Study on Availability, Composition and Marketing of Commercial Foods in Cooperation with the WHO Regional Office for Europe. 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Portuguese National Institute of Statistics (2011). https:\/\/www.ine.pt\/xportal\/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_cont_inst&INST=3585857&xlang=pt (accessed October 2019)."},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12107"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061214"},{"key":"S1368980021003876_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6110100"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980021003876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T14:20:40Z","timestamp":1699453240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980021003876\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980021003876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980021003876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1368-9800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2727"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. 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