{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T22:00:17Z","timestamp":1747173617608,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001872_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate the potential impact on population health if policies designed to reduce population trans fatty acid (TFA) intake are successfully implemented in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in line with the WHO\u2019s guidelines to lower intake of TFA as a percentage of total energy intake to less than 1 %.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001872_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A projection exercise was conducted to estimate reductions in CVD-related deaths in countries of the EAEU if TFA policies are implemented in the EAEU. Plausibly causal, annual effects (in %) of Denmark\u2019s TFA policy on the evolution of CVD mortality rates were applied to project the potential effects of recently announced TFA policies in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation under three TFA exposure scenarios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001872_as3\"><jats:title>Settings:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Member States of the EAEU: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001872_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data used for the projection exercise were based on estimates from natural experimental evidence from Denmark. National CVD mortality rates used were from WHO and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development datasets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001872_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all countries and in all scenarios, deaths averted were \u2264 5 deaths\/100,000 in year 1 and rose in years 2 and 3. The highest projected impacts in the high-exposure scenario were seen in Kyrgyzstan (39 deaths\/100 000), with the lowest occurring in Armenia (24 deaths\/100 000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001872_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the potential population health gains that can be derived from effective policies to reduce TFA in line with WHO guidance. Monitoring and surveillance systems are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the TFA reduction policies in a national context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980022001872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T10:21:37Z","timestamp":1664792497000},"page":"s41-s50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Projecting cardiovascular deaths averted due to trans fat policies in the Eurasian Economic Union"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rieger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Holly L","family":"Rippin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3262-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Pinedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Farrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kremlin","family":"Wickramasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joao J","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref16","unstructured":"16. 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World Health Organization (2019) FEEDcities Project: the Food Environment in Cities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia \u2013 Kazakhstan. https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0006\/396591\/WHO-FEED-Kazakhstan-report_v6.pdf (accessed September 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref4","first-page":"h3878","article-title":"Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"351","author":"Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.645750"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky147"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/cdn.117.000778"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.3.573"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13945"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003407"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.14"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/174426417X14860575527257"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482970601069458"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref21","unstructured":"21. World Health Organization (2018) WHO Mortality Database. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/healthinfo\/statistics\/mortality\/whodpms\/ (accessed September 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref14","unstructured":"14. European Commission (2019) Trans Fats in Foods: A New Regulation for EU Consumers. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/sites\/food\/files\/safety\/docs\/fs_labelling-nutrition_transfats_factsheet-2019.pdf (accessed September 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref24","unstructured":"24. World Health Organization (2018) FEEDcities \u2013 Eastern Europe and Central Asia Food Environment Description in Cities from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Technical Report. https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0006\/397203\/WHO-FEED-Sarajevo-report_web.pdf (accessed September 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009434"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref12","unstructured":"12. World Health Organization (2015) Eliminating Trans Fats in Europe \u2013 A Policy Brief. https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0010\/288442\/Eliminating-trans-fats-in-Europe-A-policy-brief.pdf (accessed September 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.06.018"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41937-019-0048-0"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070662"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4583"},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref31","unstructured":"31. Jarvis, WA , Rayment, M , Etienne, J et al. 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ICD-10 (2016) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)- WHO Version for 2016. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2016\/en#\/IX (accessed September 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001872_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010673"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980022001872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T04:25:35Z","timestamp":1704169535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980022001872\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980022001872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980022001872","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1368-9800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2727"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}