{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:40:54Z","timestamp":1767008454092},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsc Microanal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to treatises on 15th and 16th century paintings, artists dedicated particular attention to the <jats:italic>sizing<\/jats:italic> layer\u2014consisting mainly of animal glue applied onto the wood support before further application of the ground layer. The stability of a painting mainly depends on the presence of a very cohesive <jats:italic>sizing<\/jats:italic> layer. However, the study of these layers has not received special attention from researchers. In this article we present a methodology for characterization of the sizing layer both chemically, by IR spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and morphologically, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Secondary electron images obtained by SEM allow precise characterization of such layers. Painting reconstructions were used as references in development of the method to study the <jats:italic>sizing<\/jats:italic> layer in real painting samples. Presented herein are examples of this study on 15th and 16th century Portuguese paintings, particularly on the <jats:italic>Triptych of S. Sim\u00e3o<\/jats:italic>, from the Aveiro Museum, and <jats:italic>S. Pedro<\/jats:italic>, belonging to the Mercy of Tavira.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1431927613013561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T16:28:53Z","timestamp":1381508933000},"page":"66-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characterization of Glue Sizing Layers in Portuguese Wood Paintings from the 15th and 16th Centuries by SEM Secondary Electron Images and \u03bc-FTIR"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"J.Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Candeias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Seruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Coroado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref004","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Art of the Past: Sources and Reconstruction: Proceedings of the First Symposium of the Art Technological Source Research Study Group","author":"Carlyle","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref002","volume-title":"T\u00e9cnicas y materiales de la pintura espa\u00f1ola en los siglos de oro","author":"Bruquetas Gal\u00e1n","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref001","volume-title":"Segredos necessarios para os officios, Artes, e Manufacturas, e para muitos objectos sobre a economia domestica, extrahidos da Encyclop\u00e9dia, da Encyclopedia Methodica, da Encyclopedia pr\u00e1tica, e das melhores obras que tratar\u00e3o at\u00e9 agora estes objectos","year":"1794"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Historically accurate reconstructions of artists' oil painting materials","author":"Carlyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tate Papers"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref012","volume-title":"La chimica nel restauro: i materiali dell'arte pittorica","author":"Matteini","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref010","first-page":"792","volume-title":"Bellas Artes","author":"Gonzalez Lopez","year":"1992"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref013","first-page":"33","volume-title":"As mat\u00e9rias da imagem: os pigmentos na tratad\u00edstica portuguesa entre a Idade M\u00e9dia e 1850, (relat\u00f3rio de projecto)","author":"Monteiro","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref016","first-page":"782","volume-title":"Arte de la pintura","author":"Pacheco","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref007","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Il libro dell'arte: trattato della pittura di Cennino Cennini","author":"Cennini","year":"1859"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref009","first-page":"196","volume-title":"Art Technology\u2014Sources and Methods","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0033.1968.tb02185.x","article-title":"The ground in pictures","volume":"XXI","author":"Hendy","year":"1968","journal-title":"Museum"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref017","unstructured":"Santos G\u00f3mez S. (2006). Las preparaciones de yeso en la pintura sobre tabla de la Escuela Espa\u00f1ola. PhD Thesis, pp. 170\u2013372, Facultad de Bellas Artes. Madrid: Servicio de Publicaciones de Universidad Complutense de Madrid."},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref006","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Di Cennino Cennini trattato della pittura","author":"Cennini","year":"1821"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref008","volume-title":"Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, Scientific Tools for Conservation","author":"Derrick","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref015","first-page":"125","volume-title":"fac-simile da edi\u00e7\u00e3o de 1615 com um estudo introdut\u00f3rio de Leontina Ventura, 1982","volume":"101","author":"Nunes","year":"1982"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref003","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Preparation for Paintings : The Artist's Choice and Its Consequences","author":"Carlyle","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1431927613013561_ref014","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Artis, revista do Instituto de Hist\u00f3ria da Arte da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa","author":"Monteiro","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Microscopy and Microanalysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1431927613013561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T20:37:47Z","timestamp":1676407067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mam\/article\/20\/1\/66\/6932465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1431927613013561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1431927613013561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-9276","1435-8115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-8115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]]}}}