{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T05:29:50Z","timestamp":1676438990450},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsc Microanal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Frangula azorica<\/jats:italic> V. Grubow is a Macaronesian flora medicinal plant, endemic from Azores islands and inscribed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This species, known as \u201csanguinho,\u201d belongs to the family Rhamnaceae, the same as <jats:italic>Frangula alnus<\/jats:italic> Mill. and <jats:italic>Frangula purshiana<\/jats:italic> (DC.) J. G. Cooper, two widely used official laxative herbal medicines of the western Pharmacopoeias constituted by the dried barks of each species. Morphological and chemical studies on <jats:italic>F. azorica<\/jats:italic> dried bark are scarce although it is potentially recognized as a Portuguese laxative herbal medicine. Macroscopically, the bark occurs in quills or nearly flat pieces. A channeled external surface with transversely elongated lenticels is characteristic. When the outer phellem layer is removed, a bright purple inner phellem layer is disclosed. Light and electron microscopy observations revealed flattened phellem cells with slightly thickened walls, cortical parenchyma with secretory ducts and groups of sclereids, phloem with groups of fibers and sheaths of parenchymatous cells containing druses or more frequently prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, and parenchymatous medullary rays one to three cells wide with spherical starch grains. Observation of these botanical characteristics must be included in quality monographs of <jats:italic>F. azorica<\/jats:italic> bark herbal medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1431927615014944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T05:21:24Z","timestamp":1441776084000},"page":"1296-1303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contribution of Light and Electron Microscopy to Identification of Bark from <i>Frangula azorica<\/i>, an Azorean Medicinal Plant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Malmir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Curica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elsa T.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref20","first-page":"114","volume-title":"WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref18","unstructured":"WCMC (1998). Frangula azorica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available at www.iucnredlist.org (retrieved April 21, 2015)."},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10413"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref16","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Drug Analysis by Chromatography and Microscopy","author":"Stahl","year":"1973"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref15","unstructured":"Silva O. (1994). Internal Report, IX Scientific Expedition Terceira 1994 of the Department of Biology of University of Azores. Ecology, Taxonomy and Conservation. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa."},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref13","first-page":"182","volume-title":"Microscopy: Science, Technology, Applications and Education","author":"Serrano","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref3","volume-title":"Flora of Madeira","author":"Press","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref11","unstructured":"INFARMED (2008). Farmacopeia Portuguesa, 9\u00aa ed. Lisboa: Infarmed, Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Sa\u00fade, I. P."},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref10","unstructured":"Franco J.A. (1971). Nova Flora de Portugal. vol. I. Lisboa: author\u2019s edition."},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1958.tb10402.x"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref7","volume-title":"European Pharmacopoeia 7th ed. vol.1: General Monographs","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref1","volume-title":"The Identification of Medicinal Plants. A Handbook of the Morphology of Botanicals in Commerce","author":"Applequist","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref19","first-page":"259","volume-title":"WHO Monographs \n                  on Selected Medicinal Plants","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927609990511"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1960.tb10454.x"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref2","volume-title":"Flora de Portugal (Plantas Vasculares)","author":"Coutinho","year":"1939"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref14","unstructured":"Silva O. (1993). Internal Report, VIII Scientific Expedition Faial 1993 of the Department of Biology of University of Azores. Ecology, Taxonomy and Conservation. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa."},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.19662990710"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1084709"},{"key":"S1431927615014944_ref12","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Atlas of Microscopy","author":"Jackson","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Microscopy and Microanalysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1431927615014944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T21:05:09Z","timestamp":1676408709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mam\/article\/21\/5\/1296\/6897208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1431927615014944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1431927615014944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-9276","1435-8115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-8115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]}}}