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The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), physical and mechanical properties are summarized. In order to have further insight into the microstructure, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and micro Raman spectroscopy analyzes were also made. They helped to clarify the main issues raised by the other complementary analytical techniques and allowed the establishment of interrelations between the different properties, providing important information about the materials, the skills, and the technological development involved in the art of imitating noble stones with gypsum pastes. This study also contributes to our knowledge concerning the preservation of these types of elements that are important in the context of European decorative arts and rarely reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1431927616011909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T10:38:02Z","timestamp":1479724682000},"page":"1281-1303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Natural or Artificial? Multi-Analytical Study of a Scagliola from Estoi Palace Simulating Imperial Red Porphyry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9402-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Santos Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schl\u00fctter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1431927616011909_ref3","first-page":"323","article-title":"Characterization of imitated marble used in historical buildings in Cairo\u2013Egypt","volume":"46","author":"Bakr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annales Islamologiques"},{"key":"S1431927616011909_ref43","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ullmann\u2019s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry","author":"Wirsching","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1431927616011909_ref6","unstructured":"DGPC. 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