{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T13:30:12Z","timestamp":1676467812475},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ontologies and rules are usually loosely coupled in knowledge representation formalisms. In fact, ontologies use open-world reasoning, while the leading semantics for rules use non-monotonic, closed-world reasoning. One exception is the tightly coupled framework of Minimal Knowledge and Negation as Failure (MKNF), which allows statements about individuals to be jointly derived via entailment from ontology and inferences from rules. Nonetheless, the practical usefulness of MKNF has not always been clear, although recent work has formalized a general resolution-based method for querying MKNF when rules are taken to have the well-founded semantics, and the ontology is modeled by a general oracle. That work leaves open what algorithms should be used to relate the entailments of the ontology and the inferences of rules. In this paper we provide such algorithms, and describe the implementation of a query-driven system, <jats:italic>CDF-Rules<\/jats:italic>, for hybrid knowledge bases combining both (non-monotonic) rules under the well-founded semantics and a (monotonic) ontology, represented by the Coherent Description Framework Type-1 (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"gif\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:type=\"simple\" xlink:href=\"S1471068412000439_inline1\" \/><jats:tex-math>$\\mathcal{ALCQ}$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1471068412000439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T09:43:05Z","timestamp":1358502185000},"page":"239-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A goal-directed implementation of query answering for hybrid MKNF knowledge bases"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"ANA SOFIA","family":"GOMES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"JOS\u00c9 J\u00daLIO","family":"ALFERES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"TERRANCE","family":"SWIFT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068411000500"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref26","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning","author":"Swift","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89982-2_40","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming","author":"Lukacsy","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems","author":"Drabent","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref31","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Ontologies, Databases and Applications of Semantics","author":"Yang","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref22","first-page":"477","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Motik","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/116825.116838"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref21","unstructured":"Motik B. 2006. Reasoning in Description Logics Using Resolution and Deductive Databases. PhD thesis, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany."},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref23","first-page":"816","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Conference\/Asian Semantic Web Conference","author":"Patel","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref7","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","author":"Eiter","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2012.03.001"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref14","first-page":"501","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Conference","author":"Horrocks","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref18","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref29","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Principles of Database Systems","author":"van Gelder","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref16","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Proceedings of European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Knorr","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90078-X"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415120204"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/9.3.267"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref9","first-page":"579","volume-title":"International Conference on Logic Programming","author":"Gelfond","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref1","unstructured":"Alferes J. J. , Knorr M. and Swift T. Queries to hybrid MKNF knowledge bases through oracular tabling. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic. Accessed 6 December 2012. URL: http:\/\/tocl.acm.org\/accepted\/464knorr.pdf."},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref13","volume-title":"Handbook on Ontologies","author":"Hitzler","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2011.01.007"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref11","unstructured":"Grosof B. 2009. SILK: Semantic rules take the next big step in power. Accessed 6 December 2012. URL: http:\/\/silk.semwebcentral.org."},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref27","unstructured":"Swift T. and Warren D. S. 2003. Cold dead fish: A system for managing ontologies. Accessed 6 December 2012. URL: http:\/\/xsb.sourceforge.net."},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref12","unstructured":"Hitzler P. , Kr\u00f6tzsch M. , Parsia B. , Patel-Schneider P. F. and Rudolph S. , Eds. 2009. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Primer. W3C Recommendation 27 October 2009. Accessed 6 December 2012. URL: http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/owl2-primer\/."},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511711787"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref3","volume-title":"Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Declarative Problem Solving","author":"Baral","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/227595.227597"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref20","unstructured":"Morgenstern L. , Welty C. and Boley H. , Eds. 2010. RIF Primer. W3C Recommendation, 22 June 2010. Accessed 6 December 2012. URL: http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2005\/rules\/wiki\/Primer."},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30504-0_7"},{"key":"S1471068412000439_ref24","unstructured":"Schindlauer R. 2006. Answer-Set Programming for the Semantic Web. PhD thesis, Technischen Universitaet Wien Fakultaet fuer Informatik, Glockengasse 6\/19, A-1020 Wien, Austria."}],"container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1471068412000439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T18:53:29Z","timestamp":1555959209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1471068412000439\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471068412000439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1471068412000439","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0684","1475-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]]}}}