{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:11:41Z","timestamp":1790212301372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF66\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF66\/010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N35A650136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N35A650136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N41A650086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41A650086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018714","name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014795","name":"Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 has become a global issue due to the continuous upsurge in patients and the lack of drug efficacy for treatment. SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro is one of the most intriguing biomolecular targets among scientists worldwide for developing antiviral drugs due to its relevance in viral replication and transcription. Herein, we utilized computer-assisted drug screening to investigate 326 natural products from Thai traditional plants using structure-based virtual screening against SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro. Following the virtual screening, the top 15 compounds based on binding energy and their interactions with key amino acid Cys145 were obtained. Subsequently, they were further evaluated for protein\u2013ligand complex stability via molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation using molecular mechanics Poisson\u2013Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) approaches. Following drug-likeness and ADME\/Tox assessments, seven bisbenzylisoquinolines were obtained, including neferine (3), liensinine (4), isoliensinine (5), dinklacorine (8), tiliacorinine (13), 2\u2032-nortiliacorinine (14), and yanangcorinine (15). These compounds computationally showed a higher binding affinity than native N3 and GC-373 inhibitors and attained stable interactions on the active site of 3CLpro during 100 ns in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Moreover, the in vitro enzymatic assay showed that most bisbenzylisoquinolines could experimentally inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro. To our delight, isoliensinine (5) isolated from Nelumbo nucifera demonstrated the highest inhibition of protease activity with the IC50 value of 29.93 \u03bcM with low toxicity on Vero cells. Our findings suggested that bisbenzylisoquinoline scaffolds could be potentially used as an in vivo model for the development of effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.2c01309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T02:43:44Z","timestamp":1673923424000},"page":"2104-2121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Discovery of Natural\nBisbenzylisoquinoline Analogs\nfrom the Library of Thai Traditional Plants as SARS-CoV\u20112 3CLPro Inhibitors:\n                    <i>In Silico<\/i>\n                    Molecular Docking,\nMolecular Dynamics, and\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Enzymatic Activity"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Nopawit","family":"Khamto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kraikrit","family":"Utama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suriya","family":"Tateing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padchanee","family":"Sangthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puracheth","family":"Rithchumpon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaporn","family":"Cheechana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroonchai","family":"Saiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natthawat","family":"Semakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winita","family":"Punyodom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9167-1402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Puttinan","family":"Meepowpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , 239 Huay Kaew Road , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","article-title":"COVID-19 infection:\nEmergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses","volume":"24","author":"Shereen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics\nof SARS-CoV-2 and\nCOVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145721","article-title":"A critical review on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in water\nand wastewater. What do we know?","volume":"774","author":"Giacobbo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1854092","article-title":"An effective\ndrug against COVID-19: reality or dream?","volume":"15","author":"Yaghoubi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert\nRev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116044","article-title":"Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of\nCovid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients","volume":"386","author":"Jayk\nBernal","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl.\nJ. Med."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n2713","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2713","article-title":"Covid-19:\nPfizer\u2019s paxlovid is 89% effective in patients at risk of serious\nillness, company reports","volume":"375","author":"Mahase","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.069","article-title":"Role of favipiravir\nin the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"102","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect.\nDis."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.07.011","article-title":"Remdesivir\nand its antiviral activity against COVID-19: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Frediansyah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106749","article-title":"Baricitinib,\na drug with potential effect to prevent SARS-COV-2 from entering target\ncells and control cytokine storm induced by COVID-19","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin\nas a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized\nclinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Gautret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78697-1","article-title":"Identifying\nside effects of commonly\nused drugs in the treatment of Covid 19","volume":"10","author":"Aygu\u0308n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci.\nRep."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","article-title":"Severe\nacute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus\ndisease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges","volume":"55","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04138-6","article-title":"COVID-19: angiotensin-converting\nenzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2\ninfection","volume":"40","author":"Beyerstedt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.\nDis."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104792","article-title":"Coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism offers a potential\ntarget for antiviral development","volume":"178","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral\nRes."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","article-title":"Coronavirus\nbiology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"19","author":"V\u2019kovski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01140","article-title":"Targeting\nSARS-CoV-2 proteases and polymerase for COVID-19 treatment: state\nof the art and future opportunities","volume":"65","author":"Cannalire","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med.\nChem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12359","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00606","article-title":"COVID-19: drug targets\nand potential treatments","volume":"63","author":"Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.127377","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 main\nprotease as drug target","volume":"30","author":"Ullrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem.\nLett."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01577-x","article-title":"Identification of 3-chymotrypsin\nlike protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents","volume":"4","author":"Mody","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112711","article-title":"The development\nof Coronavirus 3C-Like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors from\n2010 to 2020","volume":"206","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622898","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.622898","article-title":"Structural\nbasis of potential inhibitors\ntargeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease","volume":"9","author":"Mengist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263251","article-title":"Reconstruction of the unbinding pathways\nof noncovalent SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors using unbiased\nmolecular dynamics simulations","volume":"17","author":"Noroozi\nTiyoula","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MD00367K","article-title":"Repurposing the HCV NS3\u20134A\nprotease drug boceprevir as COVID-19 therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Oerlemans","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692168","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.692168","article-title":"Catalytic dyad residues\nHis41 and Cys145 impact the catalytic activity and overall conformational\nfold of the main SARS-CoV-2 protease 3-chymotrypsin-like protease","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.01.006","article-title":"Reproductive\nand developmental safety of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), an oral SARS-CoV-2\nMpro inhibitor in animal models","volume":"108","author":"Catlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.030","article-title":"Protease inhibitor\nGC376 for COVID-19:\nLessons learned from feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"61","author":"Sharun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.08.086","article-title":"Andrographolide\nand its fluorescent derivative inhibit the main proteases of 2019-nCoV\nand SARS-CoV through covalent linkage","volume":"533","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem.\nBiophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0483-6","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro of Shuanghuanglian preparations and bioactive ingredients","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040609","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin effectively\ninhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting the viral main protease","volume":"13","author":"van\nde Sand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9040375","article-title":"Rutin is a\nlow micromolar inhibitor\nof SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CLpro: implications for drug design of\nquercetin analogs","volume":"9","author":"Rizzuti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-5995(00)80051-4","article-title":"Natural products as antiviral agents","volume":"24","author":"El\nSayed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. Prod. 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Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77003-3","article-title":"High-content\nscreening of Thai medicinal plants reveals Boesenbergia rotunda extract and its component Panduratin A as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents","volume":"10","author":"Kanjanasirirat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit36","unstructured":"BIOVIA, Dassault Syste\u0300mes, BIOVIA Discovery Studio\nVisualizer, version 21.1.0.20298; Dassault\nSyste\u0300mes: San Diego, 2020."},{"issue":"Unit-5","key":"2026081804444124600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi0506s15","article-title":"Comparative\nprotein structure modeling using Modeller","volume":"Chapter 5","author":"Eswar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr.\nProtoc. Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1021\/ct100578z","article-title":"PROPKA3: Consistent treatment of internal and surface\nresidues in empirical pKa predictions","volume":"7","author":"Olsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem.\nTheory Comput."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit39","unstructured":"Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Petersson, G. A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Li, X.; Caricato, M.; Marenich, A. V.; Bloino, J.; Janesko, B. G.; Gomperts, R.; Mennucci, B.; Hratchian, H. P.; Ortiz, J. V.; Izmaylov, A. F.; Sonnenberg, J. L.; Williams; Ding, F.; Lipparini, F.; Egidi, F.; Goings, J.; Peng, B.; Petrone, A.; Henderson, T.; Ranasinghe, D.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Gao, J.; Rega, N.; Zheng, G.; Liang, W.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Throssell, K.; Montgomery, J. A., Jr.; Peralta, J. E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M. J.; Heyd, J. J.; Brothers, E. N.; Kudin, K. N.; Staroverov, V. N.; Keith, T. A.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A. P.; Burant, J. C.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Millam, J. M.; Klene, M.; Adamo, C.; Cammi, R.; Ochterski, J. W.; Martin, R. L.; Morokuma, K.; Farkas, O.; Foresman, J. B.; Fox, D. J.\n          Gaussian 16, Rev. C.01; Gaussian Inc.: Wallingford, CT, 2016."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","article-title":"AutoDock Vina: improving\nthe speed and accuracy of\ndocking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading","volume":"31","author":"Trott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: High performance\nmolecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops\nto supercomputers","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1021\/ct200196m","article-title":"An automated force field topology\nbuilder (ATB) and repository: version 1.0","volume":"7","author":"Malde","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\nChem. Theory Comput."},{"key":"2026081804444124600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-011-0700-9","article-title":"Definition and testing of the GROMOS\nforce-field versions 54A7 and 54B7","volume":"40","author":"Schmid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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